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• System Relative Flow / Conveyor Belts
  • System-Relative Flow on Isentropic Surfaces
  • System-Relative Flow: How can it be used?
  • Conveyor Belts Associated with Cyclogenesis: Standard Model
  • Dry Conveyor Belt
  • Some New Thoughts on the Conveyor Belts Associated with Cyclogenesis
  • Conveyor Belts Associated with a Mid-Tropospheric, Open-Wave, Weak Surface System
  • Conveyor Belts Associated with a Mid-Tropospheric, Closed Low, Strong Surface System
• The TROWAL
  • What is a TROWAL
  • TROWAL Characteristics
  • TROWAL Structure
  • Conceptual Model of a TROWAL Associated with a Warm-Type Occlusion
  • Conceptual Model of a TROWAL Associated with a Cold-Type Occlusion
  • But...The plot thickens (or at least the clouds)
  • Two-Dimensional Frontogensis Function
  • Frontogenetical Circulation
  • Frontogenetical Circulation (cont.)
  • Emanuel's Conceptual Model of CSI-Associated Vertical Circulation
• Equivalent Potential Vorticity (EPV)
  • Three-Dimensional Form of EPV Equation
  • Equivalent Potential Vorticity (EPV)
  • EPV Tendency Equation from Nicosia and Grumm (1999)
  • Nicosia and Grumm Model for EPV Reduction Near Extratropical Cyclones
  • A Conceptual Model: Plan View of Key Processes
  • A Conceptual model: Cross-sectional View of Key Processes
• Southern Missouri and Illinois, 13-14 March 1999
  • Radar Loop
  • Satellite IR Loop
  • Satellite Water Vapor
  • Snowfall Totals
  • Surface Observations and MSL Loop
  • 700-hPa Theta-e Loop
  • 700-hPa Frontogenesis
  • 600-hPa HEPV using Theta-es
  • 13 March, Ground-Relative Streamlines and Pressure
  • 13 March, System-Relative Streamlines and Pressure
  • 14 March, Ground-Relative Streamlines and Pressure
  • 14 March, System-Relative Streamlines and Pressure
  • Surface-500-hPa Mean Relative Humidity
• Upper Midwest, 26-27 November 2001
  • 26-27 November 2001 Snowfall Amounts
  • Satellite IR Loop
  • Surface Analysis
  • 600-hPa Theta-e Loop
  • Frontogenesis at 700 and 600 hPa
  • 600-hPa EPV and 700-500-hPa RH and Winds
  • Satellite Water Vapor Loop
  • Ground-and-System-Relative Streamlines and Pressure on 296K Surface
  • Ground-and-System-Relative Omega on 296K Surface
  • Ground-and-System-Relative Moisture Transport on 296K Surface
  • Satellite IR with Overlays
  • 600-hPa Theta-e, 800h-Pa EPV, 800-600-hPa Frontogenesis, 296K S-R Streamlines
  • Vis5D 306K Theta-e
• Summary
  • Conclusions
• Contributors
• Bibliography