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• Introduction
  • Outline
• North American Climate Variability as a Result of ENSO
  • Overview
  • 50+ year ENSO History & El Niño in the Tropical Pacific
  • El Niño is El Niño!
  • El Niño Impact on Tropical Precipitation
  • El Niño Extra-tropical Impacts
  • El Niño Northern Pacific Impacts
  • El Niño Northern Plains Impacts
  • El Niño SST Variability
  • La Niña SST Variability
  • La Niña Precipitation Variability
  • El Niño Winter Variability
  • La Niña Winter Variability
  • ENSO Winter U.S. Precipitation Variability
• Interpreting N. American Climate Variability Using Models
  • Interpreting GCM Model Results
  • Questions
  • GCM Ensemble Model Results for El Niño
  • Seasonally Varying Sensitivity to ENSO
  • The Seasonal Forecast Problem
  • Impacts of El Niño Variability on U.S. Precipitation in Winter
• Ocean Impacts Beyond ENSO
  • The Warm Pool Is Getting Warmer
  • Impacts of Warming the Tropical Indian Ocean
• Summary
• Links
• References
• Contributors