Media elements used in this module are protected by a variety of copyright licenses. Please use the "copyright terms" link associated with each item below for more information.
Description:
Conceptual model of a squall line with a trailing stratiform area viewed in a vertical cross section oriented perpendicular to the convective line (parallel to its motion). All flows are system relative.
File Name:
bams_houze_1989.jpg
Credits:
Houze et al. 1989
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Squall lines and Bow echoes, as seen from infrared satellite imagery, over the Caribbean 28-29 Sep 2010 during the formation of the tropical depression that became Tropical Storm Nicole.
File Name:
be_GOES13_Sep_28_0001.htm
Credits:
NOAA
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Squall lines and Bow Echo as seen from infrared satellite imagery over West African coast, 1-2 September 2006.
File Name:
be_Sep_1_2_0001.htm
Credits:
©EUMETSAT 2006
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
A radar reflectivity image of a squall line approaching Darwin.
File Name:
book_end_vortices.jpg
Credits:
Australia Bureau of Meteorology
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
Bow echo approaching Darwin (Australia) from the southeast; a gust front is apparent just ahead of the bow, and a Rear Inflow Notch (RIN) behind the apex of the bow.
File Name:
BOW_1_PPI_REF_2005_12_24.jpg
Credits:
©Copyright Commonwealth of Australia 2010, Bureau of Meteorology
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Bow echo approaching Darwin (Australia) from the southeast; a gust front is apparent just ahead of the bow, and a Rear Inflow Notch (RIN) behind the apex of the bow.
File Name:
BOW_1_PPI_VEL_2005_12_24.jpg
Credits:
©Copyright Commonwealth of Australia 2010, Bureau of Meteorology
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
Graph showing the differences in areal coverage of total, convective, and stratiform precipitation for a non-squall tropical cluster.
File Name:
churchill_houze_1984_nstc_areal_precipitation.jpg
Credits:
Churchill and Houze 1984
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
Conceptual diagram comparing continental and oceanic MCSs.
File Name:
continental_oceanic_mcs.jpg
Credits:
Liu et al. 2007
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
Vector calculation of the Corfidi vector.
File Name:
corfidi_2003_corfidi_vector.jpg
Credits:
Corfidi 2003
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
MCC over along southeast Asia, along Mei-Yu front, as seen from infrared satellite imagery on 11 May 2012.
File Name:
mcc_11may_0001.htm
Credits:
CIMSS
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Mespscale Convective Complexes as seen from infrared satellite imagery over Australia 10-11 December 2012.
File Name:
mcc_Dec10_11_0001.htm
Credits:
CIMSS
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Mesoscale Convective Complexes, as seen from infrared satellite imagery, over the Indian Subcontinent 28 -29 May 2012.
File Name:
mcc_METEOSAT7_May28-29_0002.htm
Credits:
©EUMETSAT 2012
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
Global MCS climatology for April.
File Name:
mcs_climatology_april.jpg
Credits:
Mohr and Zipser, 1996
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
Global MCS climatology for January.
File Name:
mcs_climatology_january.jpg
Credits:
Mohr and Zipser 1996
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
Global MCS climatology for July.
File Name:
mcs_climatology_july.jpg
Credits:
Mohr and Zipser 1996
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
Global MCS climatology for October.
File Name:
mcs_climatology_october.jpg
Credits:
Mohr and Zipser 1996
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
Conceptual radar evolution of a typical tropical MCS easterly trade wind regime of the Southern Hemisphere. Black shading represents radar reflectivities of 50 dBZ and above, gray shading represents 35/50 dBZ and the gray outline represents the 0-dBZ echo boundary.
File Name:
MCS_conceptual_Smith_2009.jpg
Credits:
Smith et al. 2009 / The COMET Program
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
Fraction of rainfall produced by mesoscale convective systems (Adapted from Nesbitt et al. 2006)
File Name:
MCS_rain_fraction.jpg
Credits:
Nesbitt et al. 2006
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
Squall line and mesoscale convective vortex as seen from infrared satellite imagery over West Africa 10-12 September 10th.
File Name:
mcv_AMMA_Sep_10_12_0001.htm
Credits:
©EUMETSAT 2006
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
MCC, Mesoscale Convective Vortex, and new MCS as seen from infrared satellite imagery over West Africa 19-20 July 2006
File Name:
mcv_be_AMMA_Jul_19_0002.htm
Credits:
©EUMETSAT 2006
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
Squall line mesoscale convective system with bow echoes, as seen from infrared satellite imagery, over West Africa, 0000 - 1030 UTC July 19.
File Name:
mcv_be_AMMA_Jul_19_2_0001.htm
Credits:
©EUMETSAT 2006
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
Mesoscale Convective Vortex as seen from infrared satellite imagery over Australia 26-29 January 2006.
File Name:
mcv_MTSAT_Jan_26_29_0001.htm
Credits:
CIMSS
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Enhanced satellite infrared images of convective systems over the tropical Western Pacific, including mesoscale convective systems and a tropical cyclone.
File Name:
micronesia_mcs_mtsat_rainbow_0001.htm
Credits:
http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/mtsat/wcpac/loop-rb.html
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Soundings from before and after passage of a mesoscale convective system.
File Name:
Micronesia_squall_line_sounding_comparison.jpg
Credits:
University of Wyoming
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Animation of model-derived radar reflectivity cross sections of an evolving MCS.
File Name:
morrison_et_al_2012_reflectivity_xsection_0001.htm
Credits:
Morrison et al. 2012/The COMET Program
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Non-squall tropical cluster as seen on enhanced Meteosat IR imagery on 24 Aug 2006
File Name:
nstc_24aug_0001.htm
Credits:
©EUMETSAT 2006
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Non-squall tropical cluster as seen from infrared satellite imagery over Africa on July 28 2006.
File Name:
nstc_AMMA_Jul_28_0001.htm
Credits:
©EUMETSAT 2006
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Radar reflectivity of non-squall mesoscale convective system over Niamey, West Africa 24 Aug 2006
File Name:
nstc_mit_radar_niamey.jpg
Credits:
Nieto-Ferreira et al. 2009
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Shear-based organizational diagram for non-squall tropical clusters showing radar reflectivity pattern.
File Name:
nstc_organize_shear_johnsonetal2005.jpg
Credits:
Johnson et al. 2005
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
Squall lines and Bow Echo as seen from infrared satellite imagery over West African coast, 1-2 September 2006.
File Name:
nstc_SAmer_Apr_18_19_0001.htm
Credits:
CIRA
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
Cross section of a parallel stratiform MCS with arrows for flow and shaded regions for reflectivity.
File Name:
parker_2007_ps_xsection.jpg
Credits:
Parker 2007
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
Three archetypes of northern hemisphere mid-latitude squall iines showing the differences in stratiform cloud shield.
File Name:
parker_johnson_2000_stratiform_types.jpg
Credits:
Parker and Johnson 2000
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
Cross section of a leading stratiform MCS with weak environmental flow. Red arrows indicate updrafts while blue arrows indicate downdrafts. Reflectivity is shaded in grayscale.
File Name:
parker_johnson_2004a_weak_ls_xsection.jpg
Credits:
Adapted from Parker and Johnson 2004
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Cross section of a leading stratiform MCS with strong environmental flow. Red arrows indicate updrafts while blue arrows indicate downdrafts. Reflectivity is shaded in grayscale.
File Name:
pettet_johnson_2003_strong_ls_xsection.jpg
Credits:
Adapted from Pettet and Johnson, 2003
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Radar reflectivity: (a,b) PPI at 0.7° elevation and (c,d) RHI over Niamey, Niger
File Name:
radar_africa_ppi_rhi.jpg
Credits:
Earle Williams
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
A zoomed in view of Skamarock et al., 1994 conceptual diagram of MCV development when Coriolis force is present.
File Name:
skamarock_et_al_1994_coriolis.jpg
Credits:
Skamarock et al. 1994
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Conceptual diagram from Skamarock et al., 1994 showing the development of a MCV often requires Coriolis force.
File Name:
skamarock_et_al_1994_coriolis_no_coriolis.jpg
Credits:
Skamarock et al. 1994
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Squall lines as seen from infrared satellite imagery over Tropical North Africa, 1-3 September 2006.
File Name:
sl_AMMA_Sep_1_3_0001.htm
Credits:
©EUMETSAT 2006
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Squall Line Mesoscale Convective system over West Africa as seen on enhanced Meteosat IR imagery on 30-31 Jul 2006
File Name:
sl_jul_30_31_0001.htm
Credits:
©EUMETSAT 2006
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Squall lines and other MCSs over South America as seen from IR satellite imagery 26-27 September 2012.
File Name:
sl_SAmer_Sep_26_27_0001.htm
Credits:
CIRA
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Two panel conceptual and radar image of a mature MCS with a transition zone.
File Name:
smith_et_al_2009_transition_zone.jpg
Credits:
Smith et al. 2009/The COMET Program
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Map showing the general areas where low-level jets are common across the globe and the locations of MCC activity.
File Name:
stensrud_1996_low_level_jet.jpg
Credits:
Stensrud, 1996
Copyright Terms:
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Description:
Radar image overlaid with surface observations and isotherms showing a MCV.
File Name:
TIMREX_MCV.jpg
Credits:
Davis and Lee 2012
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Four panel shear-based organizational diagram of MCSs showing mid-level and low-level shear and radar reflectivity pattern.
File Name:
trop_mcs_organize_shear_johnsonetal2005.jpg
Credits:
Johnson et al. 2005
Copyright Terms:
COMET Standard Terms of Use
Description:
Vorticity balance cross-sectional diagram for a mature MCS.
File Name:
vorticity_cold_pool_balance.jpg
Credits:
©The COMET Program
Copyright Terms:
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