This lesson introduces forecasters to ten of the most commonly encountered or significant misconceptions about NWP models. This list of ten misconceptions includes issues surrounding data assimilation, model resolution, physical parameterizations, and post-processing of ... Read more »

This Webcast is a recreation of a presentation on slantwise convection given by Kent Johnson in February, 2002 in Boulder, Colorado. It focuses on assessing the release of conditional symmetric instability as slantwise convection. It provides an overview of the ... Read more »

Cold Air Damming is part of the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer series. This module first presents a Navy forecast scenario prior to the development of a major cold air damming (CAD) event along the east slopes of the Appalachian Mountains. Then, from a conceptual standpoint, ... Read more »

This module describes the phenomena of the sea breeze. It examines factors that lead to the formation of a sea breeze, modifying effects on sea breeze development, how mesoscale NWP models handle sea breezes, and sea breeze forecast parameters. The module places instruction ... Read more »

This module discusses the current theories of atmospheric conditions associated with aircraft icing and applies the theories to the icing diagnosis and forecast process. The contribution of liquid water content, temperature, and droplet size parameters to icing are ... Read more »

This Webcast, presented by Dr. Klaus Weickmann of NOAA/CIRES/Climate Diagnostic Center, explores the role that the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) plays in global climate variability. The expert lecture is divided into five sections, which give a short overview of the ... Read more »

This Webcast, is an expert lecture by Dr. Roland Madden, where he describes the important climate-moderating feature, the Madden-Julian oscillation which is known more commonly as the MJO. The Webcast is presented in five sections and covers the identification and ... Read more »

This module starts with a forecast scenario that occurs along the California coast. The module then proceeds to describe the structure and climatology of these disturbances, as well as their synoptic and mesoscale evolution. The instruction concludes with a section on ... Read more »

This is part of the Physical Processes Professional Competency Unit of the Forecasting Low-Altitude Clouds and Fog for Aviation Operations Professional Development Series. West Coast Fog discusses the climatology, physical processes, and evolution of hot spell fogs along ... Read more »

This module provides a brief overview of Buoyancy and CAPE. Topics covered include the origin of atmospheric buoyancy, estimating buoyancy using the CAPE and Lifted Index, factors that affect buoyancy including entrainment of mid-level air, water loading, convective ... Read more »

This module presents current conceptual models of several MCS types and provides explanations for the structures and behavior of MCSs based on the physical processes underlying their evolution. An understanding of the physical processes and conceptual models of MCSs will ... Read more »

In order to help forecasters build a strategy for anticipating convective storm structures, their evolution, and the potential for severe weather, A Convective Storm Matrix provides learners the opportunity for extensive exploration of the relationship between a storm's ... Read more »

This module includes an interactive MCS Matrix of numerical simulations illustrating the physical processes controlling MCS evolution, as well as an archive of the entire Web module, Mesoscale Convective Systems: Squall Lines and Bow Echoes. Patterned after the CD Module A ... Read more »

Designed primarily for middle school students and funded by FEMA and the NWS, this module creates a scenario to frame learning activities that focus on hurricane science and safety. Versions are also available for hearing, motor, and visually impaired students, as well as ... Read more »

This website provides an overview of factors that affect the ignition and spread of wildfire. Information is presented with 3-dimensional graphics and animations as well as audio descriptions and commentary provided by a fire behavior expert. You don't need extensive ... Read more »

A webcast presentation by Dr. Timothy Spangler (Director of the COMET Program and a former air quality consultant). This 25-minute lecture provides an overview of the basics of dispersion, the effects of different atmospheric conditions on dispersion, and how dispersion is ... Read more »

This module features an audio and visual tour of sites affected by the Fort Collins, Colorado urban flood that occurred on 28 July 1997. The tour is led by Matthew Kelsch and includes eyewitness accounts of that night's events from John Weaver. This interactive virtual ... Read more »

This is the second module in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer series. This module starts with a forecast scenario that occurs during a winter radiation fog event in the Central Valley of California. After that, a conceptual section covers the physical processes of radiation ... Read more »

This exercise tracks Hurricane Michael as it moved into the Maritime region of the Canadian east coast in October, 2000. Analyze data and respond to questions focusing on forecasting the progression of the storm. This case exercise accompanies the Webcast, Hurricanes ... Read more »

This Webcast is based on a presentation delivered by Jim Abraham of MSC at the Winter Weather Course in February 2001. The presentation discusses how, under the right synoptic conditions, hurricanes and tropical storms undergo a transition process to extratropical cyclones ... Read more »

It is the first streaming video Webcast released by the COMET Program. This interactive and entertaining presentation serves as a helpful reminder of the problems that can plague rain gauge performance including specifics regarding the widely used ASOS rain gauge. The ... Read more »

This 7-page module provides a primer on geostrophic adjustment concepts. It discusses their application for understanding and forecasting real weather features, interpreting model forecasts, and recognizing the type and duration of impact that observations exert on the ... Read more »

This is a foundation module in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer series. Topics covered include up- and downslope breezes, up- and down-valley winds, associated hazards, and forecasting techniques. Like other modules in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer, this module comes ... Read more »

By the end of this module you will be able to answer... What is the mesoscale and how do we classify it? What is hydrostatic equilibrium? Why are non-hydrostatic processes so important to mesoscale meteorology? Why does forecasting mesoscale meteorology rely on model ... Read more »

This is a foundation module in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer series. Topics covered include an overview of factors that control whether air will go up and over a mountain or be forced around it, the role of potential and kinetic energy, the Froude number and what it ... Read more »

The goal of this training module is to help you increase your understanding of how mesoscale models work. Such understanding, in turn, can help you more efficiently and accurately evaluate model-generated forecast products. ... Read more »

In this module, Wes Junker, retired Senior Branch Forecaster at NCEP/HPC provides an introduction to Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting. This presentation assumes a familiarity with basic meteorological ... Read more »

This Webcast, presented by Tom Lee of the Naval Research Laboratory, focuses on feature identification using a combination of high-resolution multispectral polar and geostationary satellite imagery products. The Webcast is made up of five short sections focus on a set of ... Read more »

This Web-based module is a component of the Integrated Sensor Training (IST) Professional Development Series (PDS) Professional Competency Unit #6-Satellite Data and Products. Dr. Stan Kidder of the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA) at Colorado ... Read more »

This Web-based module is a component of the Integrated Sensor Training (IST) Professional Development Series (PDS) Professional Competency Unit #6-Satellite Data and Products. This module provides a closer look at the capabilities, products, and applications available to ... Read more »

This Webcast is based on presentations given by Dr. W. Paul Menzel at several conferences. It is approximately 60 minutes in length and introduces the MODIS instrument on the Terra satellite. Dr. Menzel begins by providing background on MODIS channel selection and ... Read more »

This Webcast, presented by Dr. Jim Moore of St. Louis University, covers the advantages and applications of diagnosis and visualization of large-scale flow and vertical motion on surfaces of constant potential temperature. The movement of moisture along these surfaces is ... Read more »

This prototype module was originally intended as a review of seasonal weather regimes and hazards for regions that are of particular interest to the Air Force Weather Agency. Although the project was discontinued, the section on summer weather in the southeast U.S. is ... Read more »

This exercise examines an event that took place in the 24 hour time period beginning at 18Z, Dec 31, 2000 in southern British Columbia, Canada and northern Washington/Idaho, United States. This is a companion piece to the COMET Webcast, Slantwise Convection: An Operational ... Read more »

The goal of the EPV chart is to aid operational forecasters in predicting CSI and slantwise convection. The description includes links to the online chart, which is updated twice daily by the CMC, as well as a list of synoptic considerations that will support your use of ... Read more »

This module consists of four exercises where users identify surface features, distinguish clouds from snow on the ground, and determine cloud phase using multispectral analysis. The module also includes an overview of multispectral techniques available on many operational ... Read more »

This Webcast is based on a COMET classroom presentation by Dr. Gary Lackmann at the 2nd MSC Winter Weather Course held in Boulder, Colorado on 22 February 2002. Dr. Lackmann reviews the basic thermodynamics of freezing and melting and how operational models represent these ... Read more »

This lecture was presented during the ongoing workshops on Climate Variability that are part of the NWS Climate Professional Development Series. During the presentation, Dr. Sardeshmukh presents statistical evidence that demonstrates the impact that climate variability has ... Read more »

This lesson provides a basic understanding of why gap winds occur, their typical structures, and how gap wind strength and extent are controlled by larger-scale, or synoptic, conditions. You will learn about a number of important gap flows in coastal regions around the ... Read more »

In this southern hemisphere-focused module, the student can work through a major Australian severe thunderstorm event in detail and examine aspects of two other severe thunderstorm events. Follow a forecast time-line to assess data and make decisions from the pre-storm ... Read more »

This Webcast, presented by Dr. Marty Hoerling of NOAA/CIRES/Climate Diagnostic Center, discusses the impacts of El Niño and La Niña variability on both North American and tropical weather. The presentation shows that these two phenomena are not simple inverses of each ... Read more »

This case study is the first in the Mesoscale Aspects of Winter Weather Forecasting module series. The case is presented as a series of challenging forecast questions followed by a more traditional case study presentation. Included in the exercise is a rich set of data ... Read more »

This module addresses issues surrounding the direct and indirect impacts of restricted ceilings and visibilities on aviation operations and also briefly examines their impacts on ground and marine transportation. The goal is improve forecaster awareness of how their ... Read more »

This module discusses how to apply various observational data and remote sensing tools such as satellite, METARS, soundings, profilers, radar, and model analyses to diagnose the potential for fog and/or low stratus. Various forecast tools (such as model forecast fields, ... Read more »

Local and mesoscale influences can make or break your fog or stratus forecast. Influences of local water bodies, terrain, vegetation, soil characteristics, and coastal features on the lower atmosphere can play a vital role in the development, duration, and intensity of ... Read more »

In order to assess whether a fog or stratus event is possible, you must evaluate the synoptic-scale influences that will drive the local conditions. In this module, we examine several common synoptic situations to understand the processes involved in fog or low stratus ... Read more »

This module addresses the local and regional climatological considerations and presents tools and methodologies that can be used to assess whether atmospheric conditions can foster fog or low stratus development. Knowing your local climatology and assessing whether it ... Read more »

This module provides an overview of some of the applicable TAF Amendment and Conditional Group usage rules, as presented in the latest version of the National Weather Service Instruction 10-813 on TAF directives. It also presents a methodology for TAF writing and ... Read more »

The Dust Enhancement Techniques Using MODIS and SeaWiFS Webcast features Dr. Steven Miller of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Monterey, California and takes about one hour to complete. Dr. Miller explains two techniques for detecting blowing dust using multispectral ... Read more »

This is the first in a series of new marine meteorology modules based on COMET’s old laser disk and CD-ROM modules on marine meteorology. This module is an introduction to waves and their associated characteristics. Several types of waves are presented, from the common ... Read more »

Dans son oeuvre détaillée de 130 pages, Ivan Dubé du Service météorologique du Canada nous rappelle les processus physiques qui déterminent la densité de la neige, et élabore un nouvel algorithme qui permet la diagnose et la prévision améliorées de la densité de ... Read more »

This is a Russian translation of the COMET module, Buoyancy and CAPE, which is part of the Mesoscale Primer series. Topics covered include the origin of atmospheric buoyancy, estimating buoyancy using the CAPE and Lifted Index, factors that affect buoyancy including ... Read more »

This webcast is based on a presentation by Dr. Moore MSC/COMET Winter Weather Workshop in Boulder, CO, 4 December 2002. In it, he covers the definition of the TROWAL and its role in heavy snow production in the form of bands primarily located to the northwest of the surface ... Read more »

The Mesoscale Aspects of Winter Weather Forecasting effort is comprised of a growing series of in-depth case exercises bundled with supporting topics. This site provides access to the supporting topics seperate from the case ... Read more »

This Webcast, is an expert lecture by Dr. Vernon Kousky of NOAA/CPC, entitled "The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Cycle". The presentation covers the identification and global weather impacts associated with both phases of ENSO. This version of the presentation has ... Read more »

This lesson provides a basic understanding of how to plot and interpret hodographs, with application to convective environments. Most of the material previously appeared in the CD lesson, Anticipating Convective Storm Structure and Evolution, developed with Dr. Morris ... Read more »

This module discusses the role of wind shear in the structure and evolution of convective storms. Using the concept of horizontal vorticity, the module demonstrates how shear enhances uplift, leading to longer-lived supercell and multicell storms. The module also explores ... Read more »

In a detailed 130 page report, Ivan Dubé of the Meteorological Service of Canada reviews the factors that contribute to snow density, and presents a new and improved algorithm based on data from Québec for diagnosing and predicting snow density. A verification of the ... Read more »

During this presentation, Dr. Brad Colman (NOAA/NWS) covers both the philosophical and methodological approaches to weather forecasting in general, with a special emphasis on challenges introduced in areas of complex terrain. The insightful comments made by the presenter ... Read more »

Mountain waves form above and downwind of topographic barriers and frequently pose a serious hazard to mountain aviation because of strong-to-extreme turbulence. This foundation module describes the features of mountain waves and explores the conditions under which they ... Read more »

This Webcast features Phil Schumacher, NWS Sioux Falls, South Dakota discussing the conditions that dictate the location of precipitation relative to inverted troughs. Phil presents a composite case study based on collaborative research with Dr. R. Weisman and others, as ... Read more »

This exercise follows the progression of a winter weather event across the Central Plains states beginning 1200 UTC on 7 March 1999. Each forecast question is accompanied by Eta model data and includes a forecast discussion by Phil Schumacher, NWS Sioux Falls, South ... Read more »

Les cartes de TPE, produites au CMC deux fois par jour, sont disponibles au Web à l’adresse fournie dans ce document. Il s’y trouve aussi une liste de facteurs synoptiques destiné aux météorologues d’exploitation pour encadrer leur utilisation des cartes de TPE ... Read more »

Polar lows are generally short-lived but intense events that occur over cold ocean waters, poleward of a baroclinic zone. The polar low in this case formed over the open waters of Ungava Bay, in northeastern Canada, on 2 December 2000. The case is presented as a series of ... Read more »

This module presents an overview of the climatology, formation, evolution, detection, and forecasting of polar lows. The presentation has five sections: Disturbances in Cold Air Masses; Climatology of Cold Air Vortices and Polar Lows; Monitoring and Nowcasting of Polar ... Read more »

This Webcast features Dr. Michael Freilich (Oregon State University, principal investigator on the QuikSCAT project for NSF) introducing and discussing the fundamentals of scatterometry and how they apply to the SeaWinds instrument on QuikSCAT. Dr. Freilich also describes ... Read more »

This module deals with identifying the characteristics of radiation versus advection fog events, determining which process is dominating, and applying that understanding when making ceiling and visibility forecasts. A forecast approach using a decision tree is also ... Read more »

This case examines an event that took place over New England and the Mid-Atlantic on 14 June 2001. As the culminating exercise for lessons 1 and 2 of the Distance Learning Aviation Course 1 (DLAC1) on Fog and Stratus Forecasting, its objectives are to 1) identify the ... Read more »

This case study focuses on making a forecast and writing a TAF so that it best represents the meteorological situation to aviation customers. During the exercise, the student prepares a forecast for Sioux Falls, South Dakota. As part of the Distance Learning Aviation Course ... Read more »

In this Webcast, Dr. James Steenburgh, working for the Department of Meteorology and the NOAA Cooperative Institute for Regional Prediction at the University of Utah, takes a look at cool-season orographic storms in western North America. He provides a brief microphysics ... Read more »

Low-level coastal jets occur along many coastlines. Winds may exceed 35 knots and lead to high waves and significant low-level vertical wind shear. Thus, low-level coastal jets present a hazard to both marine and aviation operations in the coastal zone. This core module ... Read more »

This module discusses the basics of rip current formation and detection as well as the partnerships between the National Weather Service, National Sea Grant College Program, and the United States Lifesaving Association as they relate to rip current safety. This is one of ... Read more »

Mesoscale convective systems occur worldwide and year-round and are accompanied by the potential for severe weather and flooding. This lesson describes typical system evolution by examining squall line, bow echo, and MCC characteristics throughout their life cycles. This ... Read more »

This module, the latest in our series on Numerical Weather Prediction, covers the theory and use of ensemble prediction systems (EPSs). The module will help forecasters develop an understanding of the basis for EPSs, the skills to interpret ensemble products, and strategies ... Read more »

This case exercise takes an in-depth look at a blowing snow event in the northern mainland of Canada. The case addresses specific low-level wind and snow conditions. Model data, satellite imagery, and observations are provided for assessing the potential for blowing snow ... Read more »

This module introduces forecasters to the use of microwave image products for observing and analyzing tropical cyclones. Microwave data from polar-orbiting satellites is crucial to today’s operational forecasters, and particularly for those with maritime forecasting ... Read more »

This module provides insight into how nearshore circulation and wave dynamics are involved in rip current formation. Topics covered in this module include: nearshore terminology, circulation and waves, rip current characteristics, and rip current forcing mechanisms. This ... Read more »

This interactive learning module introduces the systems and processes through which the Earth's magnetic field and upper atmosphere are influenced by the sun, eventually leading to the magnificent auroral displays. Developed especially for university professors and students ... Read more »

This collection of four condensed physics lessons is offered as a companion to our Physics of the Aurora: Earth Systems learning module, and has been developed especially for use by university physics educators. The lesson topics are Charged Particle Motions, Magnetic ... Read more »

This video presentation welcomes the Space Weather Prediction Center, formerly known as the Space Environment Center or SEC to the National Weather Service (NWS) as an operational entity of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) family. Describing the ways ... Read more »

Lake and ocean effect processes can have a significant impact on snowfall amounts in many parts of North America, and can be very tricky to forecast. This short module is a collection of narrated reference material on many aspects of lake effect snow forecasting. It is ... Read more »

Fog frequently forms in response to dynamically forced changes in the boundary layer. This module examines dynamically forced fog in the coastal and marine environment, focusing on advection fog, steam fog, and west coast type fog. The focus of the module is on the ... Read more »

This Webcast is based on a presentation given by Dr. James T. Moore of Saint Louis University at the 5th Annual MSC/COMET Winter Weather Workshop on 30 November 2004 in Boulder, Colorado. Dr. Moore reviews many aspects of jet streak dynamics including ... Read more »

This module focuses on the National Airspace System (NAS) and how weather affects it. It describes the various components of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), how that organization manages air traffic, and how CWSU and WFO forecasts help the FAA's decision-making ... Read more »

Precipitation frequently falls and accumulates in discrete bands with accumulations that vary markedly over short distances. This module examines several mechanisms that result in mesoscale banded precipitation, focusing primarily on processes at work in midlatitude ... Read more »

This webcast is a shorter companion to the Ensemble Prediction Explained module, focusing more directly on immediate operational needs. Introductory content includes the role of ensemble forecasts, presentation of basic ensemble forecasting terms, and discussion of how ... Read more »

This Webcast features Heather Hauser of NOAA/ERH/SSD describing the utility of and introducing the methodology for conducting composite analysis as part of the NWS Climate Services program. This 30-minute presentation is intended to introduce climate focal points to the ... Read more »

This is the second in a series of training lessons on marine wind and waves. The first lesson discussed wave types and characteristics and is a good primer to this next marine training topic. Wave Life Cycle I: Generation examines how wind creates waves and the ... Read more »

Este módulo incluye una matriz interactiva con simulaciones numéricas que ilustran los procesos físicos que controlan la evolución de los sistemas convectivos de mesoescala (SCM), así como un archivo completo del módulo web sobre las líneas de turbonada y los ecos en ... Read more »

Para ayudar al pronosticador a elaborar una estrategia para predecir las estructuras tormentosas convectivas, su evolución y el potencial de tiempo severo, este módulo ofrece la oportunidad de estudiar a fondo la relación entre el entorno de la tormenta y su ... Read more »

Ésta es la versión en español del módulo ¡Huracán a la vista!. Este módulo, que fue diseñado principalmente para los estudiantes de sexto a octavo grado, crea un escenario para presentar actividades de aprendizaje centradas en la ciencia y la seguridad en relación ... Read more »

This module presents an overview of various aspects of precipitation type forecasting. It includes sections on microphysics and the ice crystal process, application of partial thickness analysis, application of the top-down method, and an overview of model algorithms used ... Read more »

This interactive case exercise covers a 24-hour forecast period that includes the challenge of precipitation type forecasting. The case exercise provides an overview of precipitation type forecasting based on model algorithms, partial thickness analysis, and the top-down ... Read more »

This module helps students gain a basic understanding of the elements of the hydrologic cycle. Making use of illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module examines the basic concepts of the hydrologic cycle including water distribution, atmospheric water, surface ... Read more »

This Webcast covers the ocean surface wind retrieval process, the basics of microwave polarization as it relates to wind retrievals, and several operational examples. Information on the development of microwave sensors used to retrieve ocean surface wind speed and the ocean ... Read more »

This is the French version of this module. This module discusses the current theories of atmospheric conditions associated with aircraft icing and applies the theories to the icing diagnosis and forecast process. The contribution of liquid water content, temperature, and ... Read more »

The role of unit hydrograph theory in the flood prediction process is to provide an estimate of streamflow given the precipitation. A unit hydrograph shows the temporal change in flow, or discharge, per unit of runoff from excess precipitation. In other words, the unit ... Read more »

This series addresses the use of satellite imagery and focuses attention on the identification of dynamic features using high-resolution satellite imagery with NWP verification. The series will eventually include more than 20 feature presentations on topics such as comma ... Read more »

The goal of the lesson is to enable a marine forecaster to manually predict how the wave height and period will change as the waves leave their generation area, become swell, and then propagate and disperse into the forecaster’s offshore coastal waters. While numerical ... Read more »

This website provides access to the streaming presentations and PowerPoint source files for the 11 lectures delivered during the AMS Educational Forum “A Primer on Radar Analysis Techniques Used in Mesoscale Meteorology” held on 23 October 2005 in Albuquerque, NM. The ... Read more »

This module offers a thorough introduction to streamflow routing methods and applications in the river forecasting process. Through the use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains key routing concepts, flow characteristics, and tools with a ... Read more »

This resource is intended for use as a job aid by operational weather forecasters in live warning situations and as a reference tool to better understand some aspects of severe thunderstorm warning events. Thumbnail images show typical representatives for sixteen radar ... Read more »

Tropical waves are prolific rainfall producers that sometimes form tropical cyclones. Conceptual models of tropical waves are used to help learners understand the dynamical characteristics and evolution of tropical waves. Users will learn about the vertical and horizontal ... Read more »

Landfalling cyclones and their attendant fronts significantly impact the structure of mesoscale wind and precipitation fields along the west coast of North America. This module focuses on the complex interaction of the wind field with topography and the resulting effects on ... Read more »

The Runoff Processes module offers a thorough introduction to the runoff processes critical for flood and water supply prediction. Through the use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains key terminology and concepts including paths to ... Read more »

This case exercise looks at a barrier jet event over central and eastern Colorado that took on historic significance in terms of snow amounts and variability in snow distribution. The module emphasizes the mechanisms for producing both very large accumulations and extreme ... Read more »

En este módulo se comparan las características de los episodios de niebla de radiación y de advección con el fin de determinar cuál de dichos procesos domina y aplicar esos conocimientos a la preparación de pronósticos de techos de nubes y visibilidad. También se ... Read more »

Para evaluar si es posible que se produzca un episodio de niebla o estratos, debemos evaluar los factores de escala sinóptica que determinan las condiciones locales. Este módulo examina varias situaciones sinópticas comunes con el fin de comprender los procesos ... Read more »

En este módulo se tratan los asuntos relacionados con los impactos directos e indirectos de los límites de techo de nubes y visibilidad en las operaciones aéreas, y se examinan brevemente los impactos en las operaciones de transporte terrestre y marino. El objetivo es ... Read more »

Esta lección presenta un panorama general de algunas de las normas más pertinentes en cuanto al uso de las enmiendas al TAF y los grupos condicionales, tal como se describe en la versión más reciente de la instrucción 10-813 acerca de las directivas para los TAF del ... Read more »

This is the fourth lesson in our series on open water waves. As deep-water waves approach the coastline, they encounter shallower water and begin to interact with the sea floor while evolving into shallow water waves. This lesson uses an interactive wave calculator to look ... Read more »

Esta lección, que representa la primera entrega del Curso Básico de Hidrología, le ayudará a desarrollar un nivel básico de comprensión de los elementos del ciclo hidrológico. La lección emplea ilustraciones, animaciones y materiales interactivos para examinar los ... Read more »

This is the third and final part in a training series on rip currents. The topic of forecasting daily rip current risk can be explored by operational forecasters, many of whom do not have a physical oceanography background. The hazards of rip currents and a review of the ... Read more »

This short course provides broadcast meteorologists with knowledge and instructional materials to help them understand watersheds as our environmental home and to help their viewers understand the relationship between the weather and the health and protection of the ... Read more »

This Webcast provides an overview of the EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS), Europe's first dedicated operational polar-orbiting weather satellite program. EPS contributes to the Initial Joint Polar System (IJPS) under a cooperation agreement between EUMETSAT and NOAA to provide ... Read more »

Ocean tides profoundly impact coastal maritime operations. This module provides an introduction to the origin, characteristics, and prediction of tides. After introducing common terminology, the module examines the mechanisms that cause and modify tides, including both ... Read more »

"Basic Terminal Forecast Strategies" is the first component of the Distance Learning Course 2, Producing Customer-Focused TAFs. Basic Terminal Forecast Strategies is comprised of two lessons that provide 1) an introduction to understanding aviation customers and their needs ... Read more »

Meteorologists typically examine atmospheric soundings in the course of preparing a weather forecast. The skew-T / log-P diagram provides the preferred method for analyzing these soundings. This module comprehensively examines the use of the skew-T diagram. It explores ... Read more »

The Flood Frequency Analysis module offers an introduction to the use of flood frequency analysis for flood prediction and planning. Through use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains the basic concepts, underlying issues, and methods for ... Read more »

Esta lección, la más reciente de nuestra serie sobre la predicción numérica del tiempo (PNT), abarca la teoría y el uso de los sistemas de predicción por conjuntos (SPC). El objetivo de esta lección es ayudarle a desarrollar su comprensión de los conceptos ... Read more »

This module is primarily intended for AFWA and other military forecasters. It explains the basics of how hazardous materials are dispersed in the atmosphere and how emergency responders and others model the transport and impact of the materials. The goal is to acquaint ... Read more »

This module provides insights on how to best use WRF mesoscale model guidance in the forecast process. Using two cases in southwest Asia where AFWA WRF is currently in use, it examines improvements offered by the WRF for forecasting fronts, topographic impacts, ... Read more »

According to NOAA’s National Weather Service, a flash flood is a life-threatening flood that begins within 6 hours--and often within 3 hours--of a causative event. That causative event can be intense rainfall, the failure of a dam, levee, or other structure that is ... Read more »

The “River Ice Processes” module provides information on flooding associated with river ice jams. In this webcast, Dr. Kate White, nationally-recognized expert on river ice, explores basic river ice processes including the formation, growth, breakup, and transport of ... Read more »

This module is intended for experienced forecasters shifting from duties over a land-based area to a coastal or Great Lakes region where both over-land and over-water forecast areas exist. This module highlights the differences between marine boundary layer and terrestrial ... Read more »

This module, adapted for the Web from the CD-ROM released in 1998, reviews GOES sounder characteristics, data products, and applications concurrent with the GOES I(8)-P satellites. Topics covered include the electromagnetic spectrum and sounder channel selection, weighting ... Read more »

Cette série est à propos de l´utilisation des images satellitaires et met l´accent sur l´identification des caractéristiques dynamiques en utilisant les images satellitaires de haute résolution avec la vérification de la prévision numérique du temps (PNT). Cette ... Read more »

Esta lección presenta diez de los conceptos equivocados más comunes o importantes sobre los modelos de PNT. Los diez conceptos equivocados abarcan asuntos relacionados con la asimilación de datos, la resolución del modelo, las parametrizaciones físicas y el ... Read more »

The “Introduction to Ensemble Streamflow Prediction” module provides basic information on probabilistic streamflow forecasting. In this webcast, Dr. Richard Koehler, the National Hydrologic Sciences Training Coordinator for NOAA's NWS, presents information about the ... Read more »

This module helps the student develop an understanding of the contribution of snowmelt in the hydrologic forecasting process. The module first explains the influences of wind, sun, terrain, and vegetation on snow water distribution and then discusses the evolution of ... Read more »

Ce Webcast est destiné à donner un aperçu du Système polaire EUMETSAT (EPS), le premier programme opérationnel européen en orbite polaire spécifiquement conçu pour la météorologie. EPS représente la contribution d'EUMETSAT au Système polaire initial conjoint ... Read more »

The quick analysis of deformation zones provides an overview of system-relative atmospheric circulations. Since deformation is a primary factor in frontogenesis and frontolysis, understanding of these system-relative circulations is crucial to the diagnosis of atmospheric ... Read more »

Vorticity minima signatures are common features of the atmosphere. They indicate areas of descending circulation and atmospheric forcing and can be used to diagnose dynamic features such as the axis of maximum winds and deformation zones. This module provides insight on the ... Read more »

Vorticity maxima signatures are very common and indicate areas of ascending circulation and atmospheric forcing. The correct placement of vorticity maxima is vital to the placement of related dynamic features such as the axis of maximum winds and deformation zones. This ... Read more »

Les signatures des minimums de tourbillon sont tout aussi courantes et importantes que celles des maximums de tourbillon. Il est tout aussi important de diagnostiquer où il y a un forçage atmosphérique de descente que d’identifier les zones de forçage atmosphérique ... Read more »

Les signatures des maximums de tourbillon sont très courantes et indiquent des zones de circulation ascendante et de forçage atmosphérique. La localisation exacte des maximums de tourbillon est cruciale pour la localisation des caractéristiques dynamiques connexes comme ... Read more »

This is part 1 of a 2-part Webcast based on a presentation by Dr. David Whiteman on August 11, 2004 in Boulder, CO. Dr. Whiteman presents conceptual and practical information regarding winds in the planetary boundary layer in complex terrain. Part 1 topics include diurnal ... Read more »

This is part 2 of a 2-part Webcast based on a presentation by Dr. David Whiteman on August 11, 2004 in Boulder, CO. Dr. Whiteman presents conceptual and practical information regarding winds in the planetary boundary layer in complex terrain. Part 2 topics include valley ... Read more »

This module provides background information on microwave remote sensing with polar-orbiting satellites. It reviews coverage, orbits, and data latency issues of current operational and selected research satellites and notes improvements expected in the NPP and NPOESS era. ... Read more »

Este módulo, que ha sido adaptado para web a partir de un CD-ROM publicado en 1998, describe las características, los productos de datos y las aplicaciones de la sonda atmosférica de los satélites GOES I(8) a P. El módulo abarca temas tales como una descripción del ... Read more »

El objetivo de este módulo de capacitación es ayudarle a aumentar su grado de comprensión del funcionamiento de los modelos de mesoescala. A su vez, dicha comprensión puede ayudarle a evaluar de forma más eficiente y precisa los productos de pronóstico generados por ... Read more »

This lesson introduces forecasters to ten of the most commonly encountered or significant misconceptions about NWP models. This list of ten misconceptions includes issues surrounding data assimilation, model resolution, physical parameterizations, and post-processing of ... Read more »

This module takes the learner through the considerations for the river forecasting decisions associated with the remnants of Hurricane Ivan on 17-19 September, 2004 for the Susquehanna River system in Pennsylvania and New York. The module assists the learner with applying ... Read more »

This module takes the learner through seven case studies of flash flood events that occurred in the conterminous U.S. between 2003 and 2006. The cases covered include: 30-31 August 2003: Chase & Lyon Counties, KS 16-17 September 2004: Macon County, NC 31 July 2006: ... Read more »

Oceans cover over 70% of the surface of the earth, yet many details of their workings are not fully understood. To better understand and forecast the state of the ocean, we rely on numerical ocean models. Ocean models combine observations and physics to predict the ocean ... Read more »

Antarctica: Challenging Forecasts for a Challenging Environment features two educational pieces. The first is the overview giving the general audience a broad look at Antarctica including some history, interesting facts, real-life experiences, climate, and the challenges ... Read more »

The NCEP Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA), provides current conditions in digital form on the NWS National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) 5-km grid. This product was upgraded in early July 2007 to the point where its use by forecast offices is now encouraged for ... Read more »

Este módulo brinda información sobre las inundaciones asociadas con la obstrucción de los ríos debido a la acumulación de hielo fluvial. Esta adaptación de un webcast presentado por la Dra. Kate White, experta en la materia, explora los procesos básicos del hielo ... Read more »

Esta lección le guiará a través de las consideraciones necesarias al seguir el proceso de decisión en relación con los pronósticos fluviales para el sistema fluvial del río Susquehanna en Pennsylvania y Nueva York (EE  UU.) asociados con los vestigios del huracán ... Read more »

Fire Weather Grid Techniques: Relative Humidity and Dewpoint describes techniques and best practices for creating scientifically consistent grids of fire weather parameters. A case study is used to apply Smart Tools to model guidance to edit relative humidity and dew point ... Read more »

Este módulo describe los fenómenos de brisa marina. Se examinan los factores que provocan la formación de la brisa marina, los efectos que modifican el desarrollo de la brisa marina, cómo los modelos de PNT de mesoescala manejan las brisas marinas, y los parámetros de ... Read more »

Éste es el segundo módulo de la serie Manual de meteorología de mesoescala (Mesoscale Meteorology Primer). Este módulo comienza con un escenario de pronóstico que ocurre durante un evento de niebla de radiación invernal en el Valle Central de California. A ... Read more »

En este módulo preparatorio de la serie Manual de meteorología de mesoescala (Mesoscale Meteorology Primer) se tratan temas tales como brisas anabáticas y catabáticas, vientos de valle ascendentes y descendentes, los peligros asociados y las técnicas de ... Read more »

A menudo, la precipitación cae y se acumula en bandas discretas, con cantidades que varían considerablemente sobre distancias cortas. Este módulo examina varios mecanismos que producen precipitación en bandas de mesoescala, centrándose principalmente en los procesos ... Read more »

This brief presentation provides an overview of the COMET Basic Hydrologic Sciences course including: goal and target audiences, structure of the course and adapting it to your needs, and a brief description of course ... Read more »

This module discusses the origin of ocean currents in both the open ocean and in coastal areas. The module focuses on the driving mechanisms for currents, along with influences that modify existing currents. Driving mechanisms include wind, horizontal density differences, ... Read more »

Esta lección le guiará a través de siete casos de estudio de eventos de inundación repentina que ocurrieron en la región continental de los EE.UU. entre 2003 y 2006: 30-31 de agosto de 2003: Condados de Chase y Lyon, Kansas 16-17 de septiembre de 2004: Condado de ... Read more »

“Frontogenetical Circulations and Stability” is a Webcast by Dr. James T. Moore that focuses on an overview of different stability types, including convective, potential, inertial, conditional and symmetric, the concept of frontogenesis and associated circulations. The ... Read more »

Following an analysis of the main features of a deformation zone, the diagnosis of temporal and spatial changes in these features can be used to deduce underlying meteorological processes and their progression. In turn, this knowledge can then be used in the forecast ... Read more »

Las ondas tropicales son fenómenos capaces de producir enormes cantidades de lluvia, y a veces pueden formar ciclones tropicales. Utilizamos los modelos conceptuales de ondas tropicales para ayudar al usuario a comprender las características dinámicas y la evolución de ... Read more »

The NCEP Marine Modeling and Analysis Branch (MMAB) Ensemble Global Ocean Wave Forecast System (EGOWaFS) provides five-day forecasts of global winds, wind wave and swell conditions in probabilistic terms. This product became available early in 2007 both through an NCEP ... Read more »

Las mareas oceánicas afectan profundamente las operaciones marítimas costeras. Este módulo presenta el origen, las características y la predicción de las mareas. Después de presentar la terminología común, el módulo examina los mecanismos que causan y modifican las ... Read more »

This module, the latest in our series on Numerical Weather Prediction, covers the theory and use of ensemble prediction systems (EPSs). The module will help forecasters develop an understanding of the basis for EPSs, the skills to interpret ensemble products, and strategies ... Read more »

This module explores the science of snowpack and snowpack assessment. It begins by describing the factors involved in snowpack development and then focuses on snowpack evolution. Using two scenarios (one set in mountainous terrain, the other in a relatively flat area), the ... Read more »

This module demonstrates techniques for developing a hydrologic forecast verification effort. Although it can be taken as stand-alone training, the module on Introduction to Verification of Hydrologic Forecasts is intended a useful prerequisite. Through the use of rich ... Read more »

Este módulo describe el origen de las corrientes oceánicas, tanto en alta mar como en las zonas costeras. El módulo se centra en los mecanismos que impulsan las corrientes y los factores que modifican las corrientes existentes. Entre los mecanismos impulsores se ... Read more »

Pese a que los océanos cubren más del 70 % de la superficie terrestre, hay muchos detalles de su funcionamiento que aún no comprendemos cabalmente. Para entender y pronosticar mejor el estado de los océanos dependemos de los modelos numéricos oceánicos, los cuales ... Read more »

The Fire Model Matrix is an on-line resource that presents four fire community models in a matrix that facilitates the exploration of the characteristics of each model. As part of the Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course, this matrix is meant to sensitize forecasters to ... Read more »

This short course provides broadcast meteorologists, educators, and the public with an overview of the evolution of our modern urban environment with a focus on impacts on the urban watershed, air quality, and climate. This course complements the course Watersheds: ... Read more »

The “History of the Incident Meteorologist Program” describes the evolution of fire weather support by National Weather Service meteorologists, including the more recent expansion to other hazardous incidents and significant national events. This webcast also reviews ... Read more »

Este módulo presenta el uso de los productos de imágenes de microondas para observar y analizar los ciclones tropicales. Hoy en día, los datos de microondas de los satélites en órbita polar son esenciales, especialmente al generar pronóstico marítimos, para los ... Read more »

This module provides a comprehensive overview of the three main dimensions of the fire environment triangle: fuels, topography, and weather. Five interactive case studies illustrate the interdependent influences these three dimensions have on fire behavior. A wide range of ... Read more »

This is the first module of a two-part series offering an introduction to the science explaining catastrophic dam failure and flood-wave prediction methods associated with these events. Through use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains ... Read more »

The distribution of vorticity centres along an axis of maximum winds follows a fairly predictable pattern based on the characteristics of the flow. By diagnosing these characteristics, the meteorologist is able to quickly deduce the location and relative intensities of the ... Read more »

The “Stability, Smoke Management, and Fire Weather Forecasting” module examines the effects of atmospheric stability on fire behavior and the transport of smoke, as well as fire and smoke management operations. Topics covered include the impacts of the formation, ... Read more »

The “Fire Weather Climatology” module provides a comprehensive look at fire regions across the United States and characteristics of typical fire seasons in each region. In addition, critical fire weather patterns are described in terms of their development, duration ... Read more »

The “Assessing Fire Danger” distance learning module explores techniques for recognizing weather and fuel conditions contributing to fire danger. The module includes a matrix of data sources offering useful weather, fuels, and other information related to fire ignition, ... Read more »

The “Mesoscale Meteorology Effects on Fire Behavior” module reviews the development of thermally forced winds in complex terrain and explores how these winds combine with the effects of terrain to influence fire spread. Three-dimensional conceptual animations illustrate ... Read more »

En este módulo preparatorio de la serie Manual de meteorología de mesoescala (Mesoscale Meteorology Primer) se tratan temas tales como una descripción general de los factores que controlan si el aire subirá para cruzar una montaña o si será forzado alrededor de ella, ... Read more »

Este módulo es el primer componente del 2º Curso de Educación a Distancia (Distance Learning Course), sobre la generación de pronósticos TAF centrados en el cliente. El módulo comprende dos lecciones que brindan 1) una introducción para comprender los clientes de ... Read more »

O objetivo deste módulo é ajudá-lo a compreender os elementos do ciclo hidrológico para o uso mais eficaz das fontes de dados e ferramentas de previsão. Com o uso de ilustração, animação e interação, este módulo examina os conceitos básicos do ciclo ... Read more »

Este módulo bilingüe español-inglés presenta las teorías actuales sobre las condiciones atmosféricas asociadas con el engelamiento de aeronaves y aplica dichas teorías al proceso de diagnóstico y pronóstico de engelamiento. También examina el papel de factores ... Read more »

The “Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course Orientation” module introduces the organization of the course, the topics presented, and the intended audience, as well as the motivation for converting this course to online training. This web module is part of the ... Read more »

This module presents an overview of how satellite data are turned into the satellite products used by operational forecasters and the research and educational communities, etc. The module begins by describing the process of creating simple image products that use relatively ... Read more »

This module offers a comprehensive description of a set of common verification measures for hydrologic forecasts, both deterministic and probabilistic. Through use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains how these verification measures can ... Read more »

Este módulo brinda una breve descripción general de los conceptos de empuje o ascenso hidrostático y de la energía potencial convectiva disponible, conocida como CAPE por sus siglas en inglés. Se tratan temas tales como el origen de la flotabilidad en la atmósfera, ... Read more »

Esta lección ofrece una presentación básica del mecanismo que produce los vientos canalizados o de desfiladero, sus estructuras típicas y cómo las condiciones a una escala mayor o sinóptica controlan su intensidad y amplitud. Aprenderá sobre varios flujos canalizados ... Read more »

Anticipating and dealing with weather and the hazards it creates is a real challenge for those in departments of transportation. This module gives road and highway managers a basic understanding of meteorology and weather hazards so that they can better interpret weather ... Read more »

A menudo, las ondas orográficas o de montaña que se forman arriba y a sotavento de las barreras topográficas representan un peligro importante para el vuelo de montaña debido a la existencia de turbulencias entre fuertes y extremas. Esta lección preparatoria describe ... Read more »

This module describes the main elements to consider when analyzing wave model and buoy data. The module focuses on data products available from NOAA including spectral plots, maps, and text bulletins. East and West Coast wave-masking exercises conclude the module. The ... Read more »

This second module in the two-part series expands on the science explaining catastrophic dam failure and flood-wave prediction methods associated with these events. Through the use of rich illustrations and interactions, this module introduces the St. Venant equations for ... Read more »

Es normal examinar los sondeos atmosféricos durante el proceso de preparación de un pronóstico del tiempo. Si bien este análisis se puede realizar con varios diagramas termodinámicos, el diagrama oblicuo T - log p —que también se conoce como diagrama de Herlofson y ... Read more »

Esta lección presenta un panorama general del proceso mediante el cual los datos satelitales se transforman en los productos satelitales utilizados por los centros de pronóstico operativo y las comunidades de investigación, enseñanza, etc. La lección comienza con una ... Read more »

North Wall events refer to high wind and wave events that occur along the north edge of warm, fast, western boundary currents. These events occur along the Gulf Stream off the mid-Atlantic states of the U.S. and along the Kuroshio Current near Japan and Taiwan. This module ... Read more »

"Writing TAFs for Winds and Low-level Wind Shear" is the third unit in the Distance Learning Aviation Course 2 (DLAC2) series on producing TAFs that meet the needs of the aviation community. In addition to providing information about tools for diagnosing wind and wind ... Read more »

This module provides an overview of climatology, the study of climate. The module begins by examining the drivers that combine to create the climate regions of the world—from those at the mesoscale (local) level to those at the synoptic-scale (continental) and ... Read more »

The effective use of climate data and products requires an understanding of what the statistical parameters mean and which parameters best summarize the data for particular climate variables. This lesson addresses both concerns, taking a two-pronged approach: 1) focusing on ... Read more »

The “S-290 Unit 4: Basic Weather Processes” distance learning module summarizes atmospheric structure and composition, the Sun-Earth radiation budget, weather elements used to describe the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect, and temperature lags observed both daily and ... Read more »

In this webcast, Dr. Hendrik Tolman (NOAA Marine Analysis Branch) discusses the operational use of NOAA WAVEWATCH III. The NOAA WAVEWATCH III is a forecast system that predicts wind-generated ocean waves. Dr. Tolman discusses what WAVEWATCH III can and cannot predict along ... Read more »

“S-290 Unit 5: Temperature and Relative Humidity Relationships” module focuses on methods of describing humidity in the atmosphere and how temperature changes can affect relative humidity. Topics from this module will be further related to effects on potential fire ... Read more »

This course will help meteorologists and others broaden their understanding of the impacts of weather and climate on public health, including the impacts of heat waves and cold temperatures, winter storms and thunderstorms, flooding, drought, poor air quality, tornadoes, ... Read more »

This module is an introduction to NOAA's next generation Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R (GOES-R) series, focusing on the value and anticipated benefits derived from an enhanced suite of instruments for improved monitoring of meteorological, ... Read more »

This module brings together six short lessons about significant atmospheric and oceanic influences on tropical cyclone development in the Atlantic Ocean. Topics treated include the African Easterly Jet, the Loop Current, the Meridional Overturning Circulation, ocean heat ... Read more »

Ce document présente une vue générale de la façon dont les produits sont extraits à partir des données satellites. Il décrit le processus de création des produits image qui utilise des différence de canaux, des compositions RVB ainsi que d’autres techniques pour ... Read more »

This module answers the question, "How can climate data and products from the U.S. Air Force’s climate division (the 14th Weather Squadron) assist Department of Defense (DoD) forecasters in preparing for assignments to new locations and handling requests for specific ... Read more »

The "S-290 Unit 8: Keeping Current with the Weather" distance learning module describes fire weather information and products available from Predictive Services and the National Weather Service. Summaries of the products, including significant fire potential, monthly and ... Read more »

Understanding Drought--This webcast provides an introduction to drought. It presents the measures and scales of drought and how drought is monitored. It also covers how drought is predicted, the impacts of drought, and provides information about drought-related resources. ... Read more »

This case exercise focuses on a potential fog event in Melbourne, Australia, on 6-7 April 2008. The key aim of this module is to step through the forecast process during a potential fog event from the perspective of an aviation forecaster with the Australian Bureau of ... Read more »

Ciertos aspectos locales y de mesoescala pueden determinar si un pronóstico de niebla y estratos va a ser acertado o no. El efecto de elementos locales como cuerpos de agua, topografía, vegetación, características del suelo y características del litoral sobre la ... Read more »

Este módulo centrado en el hemisferio sur permite trabajar en detalle con un importante evento de tormenta severa ocurrido en Australia, y también examinar los aspectos de dos otras tormentas severas. Siga una línea temporal de pronóstico para evaluar los datos y tomar ... Read more »

This webcast covers procedures for taking accurate weather observations using belt weather kits and descriptions of other common weather observing equipment used in fire weather. In addition, maintenance of the primary components of the belt weather kit are ... Read more »

La niebla se levanta con frecuencia en respuesta a cambios forzados dinámicamente en la capa límite planetaria. Este módulo examina la niebla provocada por forzamiento dinámico en los entornos costero y marino, con énfasis en la niebla de advección, la niebla de vapor ... Read more »

This module discusses climate change, particularly as it is currently being affected by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases emitted by human activities. It also covers signs of climate change, how scientists study climate, the current thinking on future changes, ... Read more »

Ocean waves near shore impact public safety, commerce, navigation, and, of course recreation. Predicting these waves has driven efforts to model them for more than two decades. This module introduces forecasters to different nearshore wave models, including phase-resolving ... Read more »

This module examines mesoscale ocean circulation models and features and processes that they predict. These models simulate temperature, salinity, currents, and elevation in 3 dimensions through a period of time. They have sufficient resolution to simulate features like ... Read more »

Esta lección presenta los procesos físicos y el ciclo de vida de la niebla de radiación, incluidos el preacondicionamiento del ambiente y la formación, el crecimiento y la disipación de la niebla. Se describen varios procesos, como la radiación (solar y de onda ... Read more »

This is part one of a two-module series on estimation of observed precipitation. Through use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module provides an overview of the science of precipitation estimation using various measuring platforms. First, we define ... Read more »

El "Curso Regional de Entrenamiento en Técnicas Satelitales Aplicadas a la Meteorología y Temas Afines, para las Regiones III y IV" que se celebró en Córdoba, Argentina entre el 22 de septiembre y el 3 de octubre de 2008 fue patrocinado por la OMM y el NWS de NOAA, y ... Read more »

The "Regional Training Course on the Use of Environmental Satellite Data in Meteorological Applications for RAIII and IV," which took place in Córdoba, Argentina between September 22 and October 3, 2008, was sponsored by WMO and NOAA NWS, and organized with the assistance ... Read more »

Satellite Feature Identification: Ring of Fire introduces forecasters to the potentially damaging convection that can develop in conjunction with blocking high pressure centers and examines how to identify it from a water vapor imagery perspective. This module is part of ... Read more »

S-290 Unit 1: The Fire Environment examines the components of the fire environment triangle and how each affects fire behavior. As part of this topic, heat transfer mechanisms and firebrand transport and the contribution to fire behavior are included. Basic fire terminology ... Read more »

Este módulo forma parte de la Unidad de Competencia Profesional sobre Procesos Físicos (Physical Processes Professional Competency Unit) de la Serie de Formación Profesional (Professional Development Series, PDS) sobre el pronóstico de niebla y nubes bajas para las ... Read more »

Este webcast es una conferencia del experto Dr. Roland Madden, quien describe un importante fenómeno moderador del clima conocido como oscilación de Madden-Julian (OMJ). Este webcast está dividido en cinco secciones que cubren la identificación y variabilidad de la ... Read more »

S-290 Unit 2: Topographic Influences on Wildland Fire Behavior provides an overview of how topography affects fuels and the direction and spread of wildland fires. Information on features of topographic maps and estimating slope is also presented. This module is part of ... Read more »

Altimeters onboard satellites such as Jason-2 measure sea surface height and other characteristics of the ocean surface. These characteristics are linked to underlying processes and structures, making altimetry data useful for understanding the full depth of the global ... Read more »

Satellite Feature Identification: Blocking Patterns examines how water vapor imagery can be used to help diagnose blocking patterns and their dissipation. Four major blocking patterns are covered in this module: Blocking highs, Cut-off lows, Rex blocks and Omega blocks. ... Read more »

L’analyse rapide des zones de déformation donne un aperçu des circulations atmosphériques relativement au système. Étant donné que la déformation est une facteur important dans la frontogenèse et la frontolyse, il est crucial de comprendre les circulations ... Read more »

Following an analysis of the main features of a deformation zone, the diagnosis of temporal and spatial changes in these features can be used to deduce underlying meteorological processes and their progression. In turn, this knowledge can then be used in the forecast ... Read more »

Distributed Hydrologic Models for Flow Forecasts – Part 1 provides a basic description of distributed hydrologic models and how they work. This module is the first in a two-part series focused on the science of distributed models and their applicability in different ... Read more »

Este módulo trata el tema del cambio climático con énfasis particular en cómo en la actualidad dicho proceso se ve afectado por el aumento en la concentración de los gases invernadero emitidos por las actividades humanas. El módulo también cubre las señales del ... Read more »

Webcast ini merupakan kuliah ahli oleh Dr. Roland Madden dimana beliau menjelaskan mengenai fitur iklim-moderat penting, osilasi Madden-Julian yang lebih dikenal sebagai MJO. Webcast ini dipresentasikan dalam lima bagian dan melingkupi identifikasi dan variabilitas MJO. ... Read more »

This webcast introduces the forecaster to the new multiple-forecast-center North American Ensemble Forecast System (NAEFS). Beginning with a brief review of the theory behind ensemble prediction, this presentation then introduces the elements of the NAEFS. These include the ... Read more »

S-290 Unit 3: Fuels covers the effects of fuels on fire behavior and the terminology for describing fuel characteristics, as well as fuel models used for classification. This module is part of the Intermediate Wildland Fire Behavior ... Read more »

"Writing TAFs for Winter Weather" is the fourth unit in the Distance Learning Aviation Course 2 (DLAC2) series on producing TAFs that meet the needs of the aviation community. In addition to providing information about tools for diagnosing winter weather and its related ... Read more »

El análisis rápido de las zonas de deformación ofrece un panorama general de las circulaciones atmosféricas relativas al sistema. Dado que la deformación es un factor primario en la frontogénesis y frontólisis, la comprensión de estas circulaciones atmosféricas ... Read more »

Este módulo explica del papel de la cizalladura del viento en la estructura y evolución de las tormentas convectivas. El módulo utiliza el concepto de vorticidad horizontal para demostrar como la cizalladura aumenta el movimiento ascendente y produce tormentas ... Read more »

Esta lección brinda un entendimiento básico de cómo trazar e interpretar una hodógrafa para su aplicación a un entorno convectivo. La mayor parte de este material ya se había publicado previamente en el módulo en CD titulado Anticipating Convective Storm Structure ... Read more »

La lección Redacción de pronósticos de aeródromo para tiempo convectivo utiliza un caso de estudio como punto de partida para mostrar cómo podemos usar herramientas y técnicas especiales para redactar un pronóstico de aeródromo o TAF «prácticamente perfecto» para ... Read more »

This module discusses global climate change that is occurring largely because of greenhouse gases emitted by human activities, and in particular the impact that tropical deforestation plays in the climate system. It also covers signs of climate change, the current thinking ... Read more »

This case study focuses on a snow and blowing snow event in the Canadian prairies and US northern high plains on 11-13 November 2003. The key aim of this module is to step through the forecast process during an Alberta Clipper event from the perspective of a forecaster with ... Read more »

This is part two of a two-module series on estimation of observed precipitation. Through the use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module provides an introduction to the science behind successful application of the products and tools available ... Read more »

This module uses recorded interviews from several satellite meteorologists and respected satellite experts to describe how a high spectral resolution infrared sounder in geostationary orbit would lead to significant improvements in mesoscale and severe weather forecasting ... Read more »

This module describes hydrography pertaining to nautical charting and navigation. It covers how nautical charts are created, who creates them, the products available, and how to find and use ... Read more »

S-290 Unit 6: Atmospheric Stability introduces the processes related to stable and unstable atmospheric conditions and explains their impact on fire behavior. This Unit provides detailed information about how fire behavior is affected by stable and unstable atmospheric ... Read more »

Understanding the Role of Deterministic versus Probabilistic NWP Information is part of the "NWP Training Series: Effective Use of NWP in the Forecast Process." This lesson first covers deterministic (single) NWP model forecasts and explains advantages and limitations ... Read more »

S-290 Unit 12: Gauging Fire Behavior and Guiding Fireline Decisions examines how fire behavior is evaluated and changes are identified, and how these changes affect fireline decisions. Topics in this module build upon information covered in previous units and applies it to ... Read more »

This module explores ocean acoustics, focusing on the propagation and detection of sound in the marine environment. Sound propagation strongly depends on refraction caused by variations in sound speed, and reflection off the seafloor and sea surface. Detection of sound ... Read more »

The purpose of this course is to provide emergency managers who face threats from tropical cyclones and hurricanes with basic information about: How tropical cyclones form The hazards they pose How the NWS forecasts future hurricane behavior What tools and guiding ... Read more »

This module looks at the common challenges and tools with respect to verification of quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPF). Through the use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module provides an introduction to a variety of methods and approaches ... Read more »

This lesson provides an overview of meteorological and environmental RGB products, namely, how they are constructed and how to use them. The first half provides background information on the RGB development process and the rapid evolution of RGB products as newer ... Read more »

This module provides an introduction to the northwest Pacific for weather forecasters. It touches on major aspects of the geography, oceanography, and climatology. Geography looks at plate tectonics, topography, and human population. Oceanography examines ocean currents, ... Read more »

Distributed Hydrologic Models for Flow Forecasts Part 2 is the second release in a two-part series focused on the science of distributed models and their applicability to different flow forecasting situations. Presented by Dr. Dennis Johnson, the module provides a more ... Read more »

Model Fundamentals, part of the Numerical Weather Prediction Professional Development Series and the "NWP Training Series: Effective Use of NWP in the Forecast Process", describes the components of an NWP model and how they fit into the forecast development process. It also ... Read more »

This module, part of the "NWP Training Series: Effective Use of NWP in the Forecast Process", explores how NWP models handle both grid-scale microphysical (precipitation) and convective processes through parameterizations and/or explicit methods, with an emphasis on how ... Read more »

This module, part of the "NWP Training Series: Effective Use of NWP in the Forecast Process", discusses three aspects of forecast guidance developed from raw NWP model data: Post-processing Statistical guidance Model assessment tools Post-processing methods, including a new ... Read more »

This module, part of the "NWP Training Series: Effective Use of NWP in the Forecast Process", describes model parameterizations of surface, PBL, and free atmospheric processes, such as surface snow processes, soil thermal and moisture processes, surface vegetation effects ... Read more »

Understanding Assimilation Systems: How Models Create Their Initial Conditions, is part of the "NWP Training Series: Effective Use of NWP in the Forecast Process." This module explains the data assimilation process, including the role of the model itself as well as the ... Read more »

Impact of Model Structure & Dynamics, part of the "NWP Training Series: Effective Use of NWP in the Forecast Process", explains how a model forecast, and thus interpretation of that forecast, is affected by the basic design of the model. Topics include how ... Read more »

S-290 Unit 7: Wind Systems outlines general and local winds and their processes. Detailed information is provided about critical fire weather winds, including frontal winds, foehn winds, and thunderstorm winds and the effects of these winds on wildland fires. The module ... Read more »

This lesson, part of the "NWP Training Series: Effective Use of NWP in the Forecast Process", introduces the student to the full series. Motivation for the series is presented by Mr. LeRoy Spayd, Chief of the National Weather Service Training Division; this includes a ... Read more »

S-290 Unit 10: Fuel Moisture provides information about live and dead fuel moisture contents and their relation to fire behavior. Influences on fuel moisture and methods for estimating dead fuel and live fuel moisture in the field are summarized, and guidance is offered for ... Read more »

S-290 Unit 11: Extreme Wildland Fire Behavior covers the characteristics and contributing factors of extreme fire conditions. Fire activity that is considered extreme includes crown fire, spotting, fire whirls, and wind-driven or plume-dominated fires. Description of what ... Read more »

Vorticity maxima and minima signatures are common features of the atmosphere. They indicate areas of ascending and descending circulation and atmospheric forcing and can be used to diagnose dynamic features such as the axis of maximum winds and deformation zones. This ... Read more »

Las estructuras típicas que permiten identificar los máximos de vorticidad son muy comunes e indican zonas de circulación ascendente y forzamiento atmosférico. La colocación correcta de los máximos de vorticidad es esencial para identificar la posición de las ... Read more »

The chapter begins with a review of the general principles of atmospheric motion including scale analysis of tropical motions. An overview of the general circulation of the atmosphere and ocean is presented including stratospheric general circulation. Special emphasis is ... Read more »

Al final de este módulo podrá contestar las preguntas siguientes: ¿Qué es la mesoescala y cómo se clasifica? ¿Qué es el equilibrio hidrostático? ¿Por qué son tan importantes los procesos no hidrostáticos en la meteorología de mesoescala? ¿Por qué dependen de ... Read more »

High-resolution models have transitioned from research into forecast operations, helping forecasters utilize additional mesoscale information after accounting for the inherent unpredictability of many small-scale phenomena. This module covers the major capabilities and ... Read more »

The lesson "Bias Correction of NWP Model Data" first describes what affects bias in NWP models: regime continuity, timing of features that affect sensible weather, and existence (or not) of those features in the models. After discussing examples of each of these, three bias ... Read more »

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Este módulo discute as mudanças climáticas que estão ocorrendo em grande parte por causa de gases de efeito estufa emitidos pelas atividades humanas e principalmente o impacto que o desmatamento tropical desempenha no sistema climático. Abrange também sinais de ... Read more »

This introductory module presents the basis for the other modules in the new NWP Series: Effective Use of NWP in the Forecast Process. We present the four steps in the forecast process, as determined by best practices in U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) Weather Forecast ... Read more »