Instructions:

Fields with a slider and text-entry box can be changed. These include the emissivity and temperature for each layer, along with the time duration (Δt) and skin depth, located in the upper-right and lower-right corners, respectively.

Using the slider, values for the longwave radiation flux and temperature change will change instantaneously. If you type a value into a text-entry field, you will need to click or tab off the field before the model will calculate new values for flux and temperature.

Temperature values can be entered in either degrees Celsius or Kelvins. You can switch from one to the other at any time by clicking the appropriate radio button.

At any time, you can click the Reset button to return to the default values.

After you have explored the calculator, answer the questions in the tabs at the bottom of the page.