Archive Year: 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998
5 March 2008
Fire Weather Forecasting: Clear Communications
The Fire Weather Forecasting: Clear Communications distance learning module offers best practices for Fire Weather Forecasters needing to communicate weather information when deployed in the field. The 30-minute module defines strategies for communicating with Weather Forecast Offices and with customers. Examples include writing a useful fire weather forecast discussion and undertaking proper planning to quickly and accurately disseminate information. This distance learning module is part of the Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course.
29 February 2008
History of the Incident Meteorologist Program
The History of the Incident Meteorologist Program describes the evolution of fire weather support by National Weather Service meteorologists, including the more recent expansion to other hazardous incidents and significant national events. This webcast also reviews the evolution of the Air-Transportable Meteorological Unit (ATMU) into today's AMRS/FxNet system used by Incident Meteorologists. This short webcast is part of the Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course.
19 February 2008
Ciclo de vida de las olas II: propagación y dispersión
This is the Spanish translation of Wave Life Cycle II: Propagation & Dispersion. The goal of the module is to enable a marine forecaster to manually predict how the wave height and period will change as the waves leave their generation area, become swell, and then propagate and disperse into the forecaster's offshore coastal waters. While numerical wave prediction models can provide swell height and period forecasts, they are dependent on accurate wind forecasts by atmospheric prediction models. Therefore, manual skills in determining swell height and period are needed in order to cross-check or correct model predictions in cases of poor or unresolved model forecasts of winds. The module starts by discussing how swell propagate along great circle tracks and how these tracks will look different on various map projections. With this in mind the concept of developing a known 'swell window' for a given location is introduced. Next, the module uses conceptual animations to demonstrate the effects of dispersion on the swell group as it propagates over a long distance. Also discussed are nonlinear processes, wave steepness, travel time, event duration, and opposing winds. Then the module explains how swell height changes due to angular spreading of wave energy and provides a simplified method to calculate this change. Finally, users are able to test their new understanding of these concepts through a short exercise where they are asked to determine swell height and period at multiple locations. User interactions are included throughout the module and within the short exercise. This is the third in a series of training modules on marine wind and waves. It follows the "Wave Types and Characteristics" and "Wave Generation" modules.
05 February 2008
The Fire Model Matrix is an on-line resource that presents four fire community models in a matrix that facilitates the exploration of the characteristics of each model. As part of the Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course, this matrix is meant to sensitize forecasters to the use of weather data in these fire models to forecast potential fire activity.
01 February 2008
Aplicaciones satelitales multiespectrales: el ciclo de vida de los incendios en zonas despobladas
This is the Spanish translation of Multispectral Satellite Applications: Monitoring the Wildland Fire Cycle. This module describes current and future satellite instruments and products used for monitoring the fire cycle, with an emphasis on polar-orbiting satellites. Product information is presented in the context of the fire cycle: from assessing the pre- and post-fire environment to detecting and monitoring active fires, smoke, and aerosols. Product information is also consolidated in the Fire Product Suite, available in the module and as a PDF file. The module concludes with an interactive fire case study, supplemented with observations from a National Weather Service forecaster who experienced the fire. The module is intended for a wide range of users involved with wildfire detection and monitoring, including land use managers, hydrologists, weather forecasters, and researchers.
10 January 2008
This is the Spanish translation of Chapter 3: Tropical Remote Sensing Applications, the first published chapter of the online textbook, "Introduction to Tropical Meteorology." It covers remote sensing¿the primary method of observing weather and climate across the global tropics. Learners will become familiar with the scientific basis and applications of radar and satellite remote sensing from examples in which clouds and precipitation are observed by measuring microwave signals using ground-based radar, spaceborne radar, and satellite radiometers. Wind estimation, dust and volcanic ash tracking, vertical sounding techniques, and remote measurement of sea-surface, soil and land surface properties are also covered. The online textbook has many special features, including individual chapter review questions and quiz, topic focus sections, direct access to operational forecasting topics, box sections that elaborate on theoretical concepts, links to resources for further study, critical thinking questions interspersed throughout the text, icons that identify resource links and critical thinking exercises, and science biographies.
3 January 2008
Introducción a los modelos oceánicos
This is the Spanish translation of the module Introduction to Ocean Models. Oceans cover over 70% of the surface of the earth, yet many details of their workings are not fully understood. To better understand and forecast the state of the ocean, we rely on numerical ocean models. Ocean models combine observations and physics to predict the ocean temperature, salinity, and currents at any time and any place across the ocean basins. This module will discuss what goes into numerical ocean models, including model physics, coordinate systems, parameterization, initialization, and boundary conditions.
2 January 2008
Introducción a las corrientes oceánicas
This is the Spanish translation of the module Introduction to Ocean Currents which discusses the origin of ocean currents in both the open ocean and in coastal areas. The module focuses on the driving mechanisms for currents, along with influences that modify existing currents. Driving mechanisms include wind, horizontal density differences, and tides, while modifying effects include friction, bathymetry, and the Ekman spiral. The module concludes with a demonstration of data products and a brief overview of forecast considerations.
21 December 2007
The COMET Program is now issuing quarterly updates in Spanish, highlighting new material that has been translated. If you wish to begin receiving these updates, simply log in, navigate to "Change my account information", and check the box near the bottom of the form. A confirmation e-mail will be sent to you which you must respond to in order for your e-mail address to be added to the list.
7 December 2007
La prévision d'ensemble expliquée
This is the French translation of Ensemble Forecasting Explained. This module covers the theory and use of ensemble prediction systems (EPSs). The module will help forecasters develop an understanding of the basis for EPSs, the skills to interpret ensemble products, and strategies for their use in the forecast process. It contains six sections: an Introduction that briefly presents background theory; Generation, which describes how ensemble systems are constructed; Statistical Concepts, which provides a brief refresher on knowledge required for ensemble product interpretation; Summarizing Data, which describes common ensemble forecast products; Verification, which discusses how EPSs performance is assessed and documented; and Case Applications, which provides links to a number of forecast cases illustrating the use of EPSs in the forecast process. Questions and Exercises are offered throughout to help you test your learning and provide practical examples.
5 December 2007
Introducción a las mareas oceánicas
This is the Spanish translation of the Introduction to Ocean Tides module. Ocean tides profoundly impact coastal maritime operations. This module provides an introduction to the origin, characteristics, and prediction of tides. After introducing common terminology, the module examines the mechanisms that cause and modify tides, including both astronomical and meteorological effects. A discussion of tide prediction techniques and products concludes the module. This module includes rich graphics, audio narration, embedded interactions, and a companion print version.
3 December 2007
Wave Ensembles in the Marine Forecast Process
The NCEP Marine Modeling and Analysis Branch (MMAB) Ensemble Global Ocean Wave Forecast System (EGOWaFS) provides five-day forecasts of global winds, wind wave and swell conditions in probabilistic terms. This product became available early in 2007 both through an NCEP non-operational web page and, for raw data, through FTP for use by marine forecasters at NWS WFOs and other locations.
The data from the EGOWaFS can be used in a number of ways, including: * As input to probabilistic marine forecasts for wind waves and swell * As input to a local wave ensemble, such as Simulated Waves Nearshore (SWAN) * As input to develop probabilistic forecasts for rip current development
This webcast has been developed to introduce the EGOWaFS to the marine forecasting community. Topics discussed include:
- The unique basis for ensemble prediction of ocean waves
- Graphics of EGOWaFS product output and their interpretation
- Case examples showing examples of EGOWaFS, including:
- Potential for EGOWaFS forecast bias resulting from systematic errors in wind forcing,
- Use of EGOWaFS data to provide boundary conditions for local near-shore wave models, and
- Application of EGOWaFS data to create a probabilistic forecast for the occurrence of rip currents.
28 November 2007
Modelos conceptuales de ondas tropicales
This is the Spanish translation of the webcast entitled Conceptual Models of Tropical Waves. Tropical waves are prolific rainfall producers that sometimes form tropical cyclones. Conceptual models of tropical waves are used to help learners understand the dynamical characteristics and evolution of tropical waves. Learners are able to explore the vertical and horizontal structure of tropical waves and the typical weather changes that accompany the passage of a tropical wave. Four different methods of tracking tropical waves are also provided. The Webcast is presented by Mr. Horace Burton and Mr. Selvin Burton of the Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology under the auspices of the MeteoForum Project.
19 November 2007
Comprendre l'assimilation des données: Comment les modèles créent leurs conditions initales
This is the French translation of Understanding Data Assimilation: How Models Create Their Initial Conditions. This module explains the process by which data are used in NWP models and the ever-increasing importance that data assimilation has on the quality of numerical forecasts. It provides learners an appreciation for how models use data as a function of model resolution and data type, how data influence the analysis, the limitations of data assimilation systems, the importance of initial conditions on the quality of NWP guidance, as well as the challenges of assessing the quality of NWP guidance based on the initial conditions.
The subject matter expert for this module is Dr. Ralph Petersen of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Environmental Modeling Center (NCEP/EMC).
14 November 2007
Multispectral Satellite Applications: Monitoring the Wildland Fire Cycle
This module describes current and future satellite instruments and products used for monitoring the fire cycle, with an emphasis on polar-orbiting satellites. Product information is presented in the context of the fire cycle: from assessing the pre- and post-fire environment to detecting and monitoring active fires, smoke, and aerosols. Product information is also consolidated in the Fire Product Suite, available in the module and as a PDF file. The module concludes with an interactive fire case study, supplemented with observations from a National Weather Service forecaster who experienced the fire. The module is intended for a wide range of users involved with wildfire detection and monitoring, including land use managers, hydrologists, weather forecasters, and researchers.
12 November 2007
The Structure of the NWS Fire Weather Program
The Structure of the NWS Fire Weather Program explores the joint agreement between NOAA¿s NWS and land management agencies to develop an appreciation of the contribution each agency makes in providing the best possible fire weather services. As part of the Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course, this module focuses on the NWS Fire Weather Program itself to set the stage for other course modules.
05 November 2007
Following an analysis of the main features of a deformation zone, the diagnosis of temporal and spatial changes in these features can be used to deduce underlying meteorological processes and their progression. In turn, this knowledge can then be used in the forecast process to adjust the forecast accordingly. This module takes 35-45 minutes to complete. It is part of the series: "Dynamic Feature Identification: The Satellite Palette".
30 October 2007
Tipos de olas y sus características
This is the Spanish translation of Wave Types and Characteristics, the first in a series of marine meteorology modules based on COMET's old laser disk and CD-ROM modules on marine meteorology. This module is an introduction to waves and their associated characteristics. Several types of waves are presented, from the common wind wave to the rare tsunami wave. The basic physical, mathematical, and statistical traits of waves are discussed, along with how they change once waves become swell. This material serves as a building block to subsequent modules on wave generation, propagation, and dispersion.
24 October 2007
Frontogenetical Circulations and Stability
"Frontogenetical Circulations and Stability" is a Webcast by Dr. James T. Moore that focuses on an overview of different stability types, including convective, potential, inertial, conditional and symmetric, the concept of frontogenesis and associated circulations. The webcast concludes with a discussion of the role of stability in determining the character of frontogenetical circulations.
18 October 2007
Orientación del Curso Básico de Hidrología
This is the Spanish translation Basic Hydrologic Sciences Course Orientation webcast. This brief presentation provides an overview of the COMET Basic Hydrologic Sciences course including: goal and target audiences, structure of the course and adapting it to your needs, and a brief description of course components.
4 October 2007
Casos de estudio de inundaciones repentinas
This is the Spanish translation of the Flash Flood Cases module that takes the learner through seven case studies of flash flood events that occurred in the conterminous U.S. between 2003 and 2006. The cases covered include:
16-17 September 2004: Macon County, NC
31 July 2006: Santa Catalina Mountains near Tucson, AZ
25 December 2003: Fire burn area near San Bernardino, CA
30 August 2004: Urban flash flood in Richmond, VA
19-20 August 2003: Urban flash flood in Las Vegas, NV
9 October 2005: Cheshire County, NH
This module assists the learner in applying the concepts covered in the foundation topics of the Basic Hydrologic Sciences course. Some of the specific topics pertinent to these cases are the physical characteristics that make a basin prone to flash floods, basin response to precipitation, flash flood guidance (FFG), the relationship between wildfire and flash floods, and the relationship between urban development and flash floods. Related topics brought out in the cases include radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE), the National Weather Service Flash Flood Monitoring and Prediction (NWS FFMP) products, debris flows, impounded water, and interagency communications. The core foundation topics are recommended prerequisite materials since this module assumes some pre-existing knowledge of hydrologic principles. In particular, the Runoff Processes and Flash Flood Processes modules contain material directly related to these cases.
4 October 2007
Introduction to Ocean Currents
This module discusses the origin of ocean currents in both the open ocean and in coastal areas. The module focuses on the driving mechanisms for currents, along with influences that modify existing currents. Driving mechanisms include wind, horizontal density differences, and tides, while modifying effects include friction, bathymetry, and the Ekman spiral. The module concludes with a demonstration of data products and a brief overview of forecast considerations.
2 October 2007
Utilisation intelligente des produits dérivés des modèles
This is the French translation of Intelligent Use of Model-Derived Products module. This module was developed and released in three sections: Postprocessing/Products, Statistical Guidance, and Assessment Tools. Specific topics covered include the impact of postprocessing and how to account for it, the statistical methods used to enhance raw model output including how statistical guidance products like MOS are generated, as well as NWP verification methodologies and use of daily model diagnostics.
1 October 2007
Basic Hydrologic Sciences Course Orientation
This brief presentation provides an overview of the COMET Basic Hydrologic Sciences course including: goal and target audiences, structure of the course and adapting it to your needs, and a brief description of course components.
28 September 2007
Precipitación de mesoescala en bandas
This is the Spanish translation of Mesoscale Banded Precipitation. Precipitation frequently falls and accumulates in discrete bands with accumulations that vary markedly over short distances. This module examines several mechanisms that result in mesoscale banded precipitation, focusing primarily on processes at work in midlatitude cyclones. The module starts with a review of the Norwegian and conveyor belt cyclone models. Then several banding processes are examined in detail, including deformation/frontogenesis, the Trowal (Trough of Warm Air Aloft), frontal merger, CSI/slantwise convection, and melting/evaporation-induced circulations. The module concludes with discussions of the representation of banded precipitation by NWP models and the detection of banded precipitation with satellite sensors.
20 September 2007
Forzamiento térmico de la circulación I: brisas marinas
This is the Spanish translation of Thermally-forced Circulation I: Sea Breezes which describes the phenomena of the sea breeze. It examines factors that lead to the formation of a sea breeze, modifying effects on sea breeze development, how mesoscale NWP models handle sea breezes, and sea breeze forecast parameters. The module places instruction in the context of a sea breeze case from Florida and compares surface and satellite observations to a model simulation using the AFWA MM5. Like other modules in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer, this module comes with audio narration, rich graphics, and a companion print version.
20 September 2007
Pronósticos de niebla de radiación
The COMET Program announces the Spanish translation of Forecasting Radiation Fog, the second module in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer series. This module starts with a forecast scenario that occurs during a winter radiation fog event in the Central Valley of California. After that, a conceptual section covers the physical processes of radiation fog through its life cycle. Operational sections addressing fog detection and forecasting conclude the module.
20 September 2007
Forzamiento térmico de la circulación II: brisas de montaña y de valle
This is the Spanish translation of Thermally-forced Circulation II: Mountain/Valley Breezes, the second Foundation Module in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer series. Topics covered include up- and downslope breezes, up- and down-valley winds, associated hazards, and forecasting techniques. Like other modules in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer, this module comes with audio narration, rich graphics, and a companion print version.
19 September 2007
Fire Weather Grid Techniques: Relative Humidity and Dewpoint Temperature
Fire Weather Grid Techniques: Relative Humidity and Dewpoint describes techniques and best practices for creating scientifically consistent grids of fire weather parameters. A case study is used to apply Smart Tools to model guidance to edit relative humidity and dew point temperature grids, and to demonstrate the advantages of editing dew point temperature rather than relative humidity to best represent the moisture in the atmosphere.
31 August 2007
Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, Chapter 3: Tropical Remote Sensing Applications
Chapter 3: Tropical Remote Sensing Applications, is the first published chapter of the online textbook, "Introduction to Tropical Meteorology." It covers remote sensing¿the primary method of observing weather and climate across the global tropics. Learners will become familiar with the scientific basis and applications of radar and satellite remote sensing from examples in which clouds and precipitation are observed by measuring microwave signals using ground-based radar, spaceborne radar, and satellite radiometers. Wind estimation, dust and volcanic ash tracking, vertical sounding techniques, and remote measurement of sea-surface, soil and land surface properties are also covered. The online textbook has many special features, including individual chapter review questions and quiz, topic focus sections, direct access to operational forecasting topics, box sections that elaborate on theoretical concepts, links to resources for further study, critical thinking questions interspersed throughout the text, icons that identify resource links and critical thinking exercises, and science biographies.
29 August 2007
Procesos de inundación repentina
This is the Spanish translation of the Flash Flood Processes module. According to NOAA's National Weather Service, a flash flood is a life-threatening flood that begins within 6 hours--and often within 3 hours--of a causative event. That causative event can be intense rainfall, the failure of a dam, levee, or other structure that is impounding water, or the sudden rise of water level associated with river ice jams.
The "Procesos de inundación repentina" module offers an introduction to the distinguishing features of flash floods, the underlying hydrologic influences and the use of flash flood guidance (FFG) products. Through use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains the differences between flash floods and general floods and examines the hydrologic processes that impact flash flooding risk. In addition, it provides an introduction to the use of flash flood guidance (FFG) products including derivation from ThreshR and rainfall-runoff curves as well as current strengths and limitations.
29 August 2007
Análisis de frecuencia de crecidas
This is the Spanish translation of the Flood Frequency Analysis module which offers an introduction to the use of flood frequency analysis for flood prediction and planning. Through use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains the basic concepts, underlying issues, and methods for analyzing flood data. Common concepts such as the 100-year flood and return periods as well as issues affecting the statistical representation of floods are discussed. Common flood data analysis methods as well as an overview of design events are also covered. As a foundation topic for the upcoming Basic Hydrologic Science course, this module may be taken on its own, but it will also be available as a supporting topic providing factual scientific information to support students in completion of the case-based forecasting modules.
29 August 2007
Caso de estudio de pronóstico fluvial
This is the Spanish translation of the River Forecasting Case Study module which takes the learner through the considerations for the river forecasting decisions associated with the remnants of Hurricane Ivan on 17-19 September, 2004 for the Susquehanna River system in Pennsylvania and New York. The module assists the learner with applying the concepts covered in the foundation topics of the Basic Hydrologic Sciences course. Some of the specific topics pertinent to this case are soil conditions, the impact of QPF on runoff, runoff models, runoff processes, routed flow and stage-discharge relationships. Observations of upstream conditions and comparisons to historic crests are also examined to assist with operational flood forecast decisions. The core foundation topics are recommended as a prerequisite since this module assumes some pre-existing knowledge of hydrologic principles.
29 August 2007
This is the Spanish translation of the River Ice Processes module which provides information on flooding associated with river ice jams. In this webcast, Dr. Kate White, nationally-recognized expert on river ice, explores basic river ice processes including the formation, growth, breakup, and transport of river ice and how it can become jammed, triggering floods. In addition, Dr. White covers the current, state-of-the-art ice jam forecasting, and current ice-modeling research and development being conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. As a foundation topic for the upcoming Basic Hydrologic Science course, this module may be taken on its own, but it will also be available as a supporting topic providing factual scientific information to support students in completion of the case-based forecasting modules.
29 August 2007
This is the Spanish translation of the Snowmelt Processes module which reviews the hydrologic concerns associated with snowpack development and subsequent snowmelt characteristics. The webcast is delivered by Matt Kelsch of COMET and is based on classroom presentations from Don Cline and Tom Carroll of NOAA's National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center (NOHRSC). Additional material and review was provided by Ethan Greene of the Colorado Avalanche Information Center. The webcast reviews the important snow hydrology processes including the development of the snowpack, the evolution of the snowpack, the contributions to snowmelt, and the fate of the melt water. A few cases are reviewed, including rain-on-snow cases. As a foundation topic for the upcoming Basic Hydrologic Science course, this module may be taken on its own, but is recommended as a supporting topic for the course.
22 August 2007
Ciclo de vida de las olas I: generación
This is the Spanish translation of the Wave Life Cycle I: Generation module, the second in a series of training modules on marine wind and waves. The first module discussed wave types and characteristics and is a good primer to this next marine training topic. Wave Life Cycle I: Generation examines how wind creates waves and the inter-relationships between wind speed, wind duration, and fetch length during this process. These three factors are important to predicting wave height and what will limit wave growth. Additional topics include fully developed seas, observation sources, and various special wind events such as coastal jets and instability mixing in the marine boundary layer. While much of this instruction is at a basic level, all marine forecasters will find benefit in the more intermediate and advanced topics. These include the issue of dynamic or ¿trapped¿ fetch as well as the use of satellite-based observations of marine winds using the active microwave technique known as scatterometry. User interactions are included throughout the module and within the short case study. The next module in the series will look at propagation and dispersion as the waves leave the generation area.
21 August 2007
Influence de la physique des modèles de prévision numérique des éléments du temps (PNÉT)
This is the French translation of the Influence of Model Physics on NWP Forecasts module which describes model parameterizations of sub-surface, boundary-layer,and free atmospheric processes, such as surface snow processes, soil characteristics, vegetation, evapotranspiration, PBL processes and parameterizations, and trace gases, and their interaction with the radiative transfer process. It specifically addresses how models treat these physical processes and how they can influence forecasts of sensible weather elements.
14 August 2007
Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA): What is the NCEP RTMA and how can it be used?
The NCEP Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA), provides current conditions in digital form on the NWS National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) 5-km grid. This product was upgraded in early July 2007 to the point where its use by forecast offices is now encouraged for situational awareness, creating short-term forecast grids, and evaluating recent forecast grids and forecast bias. Unique to the RTMA is an uncertainty or error estimate for some of its analysis parameters. These uncertainty estimates perhaps could be used to determine when a forecast is ¿good enough¿. This Webcast discusses why the RTMA and its parent project, the Analysis of Record, were created, how the RTMA is generated, and its capabilities, limitations, and possible applications. The Webcast includes extensive discussion about how representative individual observations are and how they are handled by the analysis. The topics covered include:
- The context for developing the RTMA and related future developments
- Use of the RTMA in the human forecast process
- The steps in generating RTMA products: forecast, downscaling, observation data sets, quality control, two-dimensional variational analysis (2d-var), ¿uncertainty¿ estimates, multisensor precipitation analysis, and GOES Effective Cloud Amount
- Limitations related to how RTMA products are generated
- How an observation affects the 2d-var analysis
- Issues raised by the analysis using accurate observations which are not representative of their surrounding area
- Preliminary performance assessment over complex terrain
- Key changes under development for future RTMA implementations
14 August 2007
Antarctica: Challenging Forecasts for a Challenging Environment
Antarctica: Challenging Forecasts for a Challenging Environment features two educational pieces. The first is the overview giving the general audience a broad look at Antarctica including some history, interesting facts, real-life experiences, climate, and the challenges inherent to this frozen continent. The second is the main presentation where experts in Antarctic research and forecasting, share their knowledge of the continent. They discuss forecasting challenges as well as present and future research topics while providing elaborations on the uniqueness in Antarctica¿s location, topography, and forecasting techniques as compared to other parts of the globe.
9 August 2007
GEM Global Model added to the Operational Models Matrix
Information describing the current implementation of the GEM Global model is now available in the COMET Operational Models Matrix. This matrix describes the characteristics of many commonly used operational NWP models, including model structure and dynamics, model physics, derived products, assessment tools, and assimilation system. Over the years, the Operational Models Matrix has grown into a significant and frequently used tool for operational forecasters seeking information about the numerical models they use in their forecast process. The information is frequently updated as significant changes are made to a model. With this addition, the Matrix now includes both the GEM Regional and Global models, developed and operated by the Meteorological Service of Canada.
8 August 2007
Comment les modèles produisent les précipitations et les nuages
Part of the Numerical Weather Prediction Professional Development Series, this module explores how NWP models handle precipitation and cloud processes through parameterizations and/or explicit methods, with an emphasis on how a model's treatment of these processes affects its ability to depict and forecast precipitation and other related forecast variables.
The subject matter expert for this module is Dr. Ralph Petersen of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Environmental Modeling Center (NCEP/EMC).
6 August 2007
Oceans cover over 70% of the surface of the earth, yet many details of their workings are not fully understood. To better understand and forecast the state of the ocean, we rely on numerical ocean models. Ocean models combine observations and physics to predict the ocean temperature, salinity, and currents at any time and any place across the ocean basins. This module will discuss what goes into numerical ocean models, including model physics, coordinate systems, parameterization, initialization, and boundary conditions.
31 July 2007
Writing TAFs for Convective Weather
"Writing TAFs for Convective Weather" uses a case to show how special tools and techniques can be used to produce a Practically Perfect TAF (PPTAF) for convection. The unit examines how to create TAFs for different types of convection and how to effectively communicate logic and uncertainty in an aviation forecast discussion (AvnFD) or by other means. It also addresses maintaining an effective TAF weather watch and updating the TAF proactively.
27 July 2007
New en Español, Operational Models Matrix: Characteristics of NWP and Related Forecast Models
The COMET Program announces the release of the Spanish translation of the Operational Models Matrix. This matrix describes the characteristics of many commonly used operational NWP models, including model structure and dynamics, model physics, derived products, assessment tools, and assimilation system. The information is updated as significant changes are made to a model. The Operational Models Matrix is a useful tool for forecasters and researchers around the world.
26 June 2007
This module takes the learner through seven case studies of flash flood events that occurred in the conterminous U.S. between 2003 and 2006. The cases covered include:
16-17 September 2004: Macon County, NC
31 July 2006: Santa Catalina Mountains near Tucson, AZ
25 December 2003: Fire burn area near San Bernardino, CA
30 August 2004: Urban flash flood in Richmond, VA
19-20 August 2003: Urban flash flood in Las Vegas, NV
9 October 2005: Cheshire County, NH
This module assists the learner in applying the concepts covered in the foundation topics of the Basic Hydrologic Sciences course. Some of the specific topics pertinent to these cases are the physical characteristics that make a basin prone to flash floods, basin response to precipitation, flash flood guidance (FFG), the relationship between wildfire and flash floods, and the relationship between urban development and flash floods. Related topics brought out in the cases include radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE), the National Weather Service Flash Flood Monitoring and Prediction (NWS FFMP) products, debris flows, impounded water, and interagency communications. The core foundation topics are recommended prerequisite materials since this module assumes some pre-existing knowledge of hydrologic principles. In particular, the Runoff Processes and Flash Flood Processes modules contain material directly related to these cases.
12 June 2007
This module takes the learner through the considerations for the river forecasting decisions associated with the remnants of Hurricane Ivan on 17-19 September, 2004 for the Susquehanna River system in Pennsylvania and New York. The module assists the learner with applying the concepts covered in the foundation topics of the Basic Hydrologic Sciences course. Some of the specific topics pertinent to this case are soil conditions, the impact of QPF on runoff, runoff models, runoff processes, routed flow and stage-discharge relationships. Observations of upstream conditions and comparisons to historic crests are also examined to assist with operational flood forecast decisions. The core foundation topics are recommended as a prerequisite since this module assumes some pre-existing knowledge of hydrologic principles.
1 June 2007
This module introduces forecasters to ten of the most commonly encountered or significant misconceptions about NWP models. This list of ten misconceptions includes issues surrounding data assimilation, model resolution, physical parameterizations, and post-processing of model forecast output.
1 June 2007
Principes fondamentaux des modèles
Model Fundamentals, part of the Numerical Weather Prediction Professional Development Series and the NWP Distance Learning Course, describes the components of an NWP model and how they fit into the forecast development process. It also explores why parameterization of many physical processes is necessary in NWP models.
The module covers background concepts and terminology necessary for learning from the other modules in this series on NWP.
The subject matter expert for this module is Dr. Ralph Petersen of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Environmental Modeling Center (NCEP/EMC).
20 Apr 2007
Microwave Remote Sensing Resources
This module provides background information on microwave remote sensing with polar-orbiting satellites. It reviews coverage, orbits, and data latency issues of current operational and selected research satellites and notes improvements expected in the NPP and NPOESS era. The module contrasts active vs. passive remote sensing, discusses advantages and limitations of different microwave instrument scanning strategies, and addresses viewing geometry with implications for spatial resolution and swath coverage. Finally, it offers a review of the microwave spectrum and special characteristics of microwave energy important for understanding microwave imagery and derived products. This module takes about 1 hour to complete.
1 June 2007
Conséquences de la structure et de la dynamique des modèles
Impact of Model Structure & Dynamics, part of the Numerical Weather Prediction Professional Development Series and the NWP Distance Learning Course, provides operationally significant information about model type, horizontal resolution, vertical coordinate systems, vertical resolution, and domain and boundary conditions, with an emphasis on how each aspect can affect a model's ability to depict and forecast weather.
The subject matter expert for this module is Dr. Ralph Petersen of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Environmental Modeling Center (NCEP/EMC).
21 May 2007
Funcionamiento de los modelos de mesoescala
El objetivo de este módulo de capacitación es ayudarle a aumentar su grado de comprensión del funcionamiento de los modelos de mesoescala. A su vez, dicha comprensión puede ayudarle a evaluar de forma más eficiente y precisa los productos de pronóstico generados por los modelos numéricos.
21 May 2007
Meteorología setelital: introducción al uso de la sonda atmosférica del GOES
Este módulo, que ha sido adaptado para web a partir de un CD-ROM publicado en 1998, describe las características, los productos de datos y las aplicaciones de la sonda atmosférica de los satélites GOES I(8) a P. El módulo abarca temas tales como una descripción del espectro electromagnético y de la selección de los canales de la sonda atmosférica, las funciones de ponderación para determinar temperatura y humedad, y la evalauación de los productos de la sonda atmosférica del GOES. Se incluyen ejemplos de iámgenes y productos, así como varios ejemplos de casos abreviados que muestran cómo estos productos se usan en aplicaciones de análisis meteorológico y pronóstico.
17 Apr 2007
New Mountain Meteorology Topic and Spanish Resources
Announcing the addition of two new links on the MetEd Homepage. We have created a new TOPICS link on MetEd to our collection of education and training resources in the area of Mountain Meteorology. Also newly available is a RESOURCES link to a variety of useful Spanish language resources that support meteorology and hydrology education.
06 Apr 2007
The PBL in Complex Terrain: Part 2
This is part 2 of a 2-part Webcast based on a presentation by Dr. David Whiteman on August 11, 2004 in Boulder, CO. Dr. Whiteman presents conceptual and practical information regarding winds in the planetary boundary layer in complex terrain. Part 2 topics include valley wind systems, cross-valley wind systems, diurnal mountain-wind systems, and plateau-basin wind systems.
22 Mar 2007
The PBL in Complex Terrain: Part 1
This is part 1 of a 2-part Webcast based on a presentation by Dr. David Whiteman on August 11, 2004 in Boulder, CO. Dr. Whiteman presents conceptual and practical information regarding winds in the planetary boundary layer in complex terrain. Part 1 topics include diurnal wind systems, mountain-plain wind systems, and slope wind systems.
22 Mar 2007
The quick analysis of deformation zones provides an overview of system-relative atmospheric circulations. Since deformation is a primary factor in frontogenesis and frontolysis, understanding of these system-relative circulations is crucial to the diagnosis of atmospheric processes and weather prediction. This module takes 75 - 90 minutes to complete. It is part of the series: "Dynamic Feature Identification: The Satellite Palette".
17 Mar 2007
Wind and Wave Forecasting Distance Learning Course
This course is composed of five core topic elements. It begins with a Webcast introducing forecasters to typical marine forecast customers and their wind and wave concerns. The second module discusses wave traits and how they change once they become swell. It serves as building block to the subsequent modules on wave generation, propagation, and dispersion. The Wave Life Cycle I: Generation module examines how wind creates waves and the inter-relationships between wind speed, wind duration, and fetch length. Following that module, Wave Life Cycle II: Propagation & Dispersion, teaches marine forecasters to manually predict how wave height and period change as waves leave their generation area, become swell, and then propagate and disperse. The final element of the course is a resource guide primarily intended for experienced forecasters that may be new to marine forecast responsibilities. The guide highlights differences between the marine boundary layer and terrestrial boundary layer winds. Course certification requires completion of these five core topic elements which takes 7 - 9 hours.
15 Mar 2007
Une Introduction au Système Polaire EUMETSAT (EPS)
This is the French version of the Webcast An Introduction to the EUMETSAT Polar System which provides an overview of the EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS), Europe's first dedicated operational polar-orbiting weather satellite program. EPS contributes to the Initial Joint Polar System (IJPS) under a cooperation agreement between EUMETSAT and NOAA to provide and improve operational meteorological and environmental forecasting and global climate monitoring services worldwide. The highly innovative features implemented with EPS include high-level sounding performance and enhanced data streams that further improve the capabilities of advanced NWP systems. The Webcast takes one hour to complete.
05 Mar 2007
Basic Hydrologic Sciences Distance Learning Course Portal
Aimed at those who do not have formal training in hydrology, this course is designed to address the needs of non-hydrologists who work with hydrologic data, particularly in flood forecasting. The course is intended to provide an understanding of the complex interactions between the waters of the land and atmosphere and will prepare the student for further study in this area.
This course consists of an orientation, eight foundation topics and two case study modules. The orientation provides an overview of all the components of the course. The introductory foundation topic provides a basic background on fundamental concepts in the hydrologic sciences. Other foundation topics focus on specific areas of the hydrologic sciences, covering terminology and assumptions as well as critical processes and considerations for hydrologic forecasters. Case study modules integrate foundation material into realistic forecast situations.
Course certification requires completion of the seven core topics which takes about eight to ten hours.
Special interest foundation topics address hydrologic processes that involve snow and ice, and may also be considered required topics for many regions even though they are not core topics. Related topics are not specifically part of this course but provide important material related to hydrologic forecasting.
28 Feb 2007
The SPoRT Center - Infusing NASA Technology Into NWS WFO
This Webcast introduces the SPoRT Center, a joint NASA and National Weather Service project to provide unique NASA datasets to several forecast offices and evaluate their usefulness and impact on forecast operations. The presentation provides a description of the SPoRT Center, examples of its collaborations with weather forecast offices, and demonstrates use of MODIS data, AMSR-E derived products and lightning flash density product applications. It also includes mention of the projects the SPoRT Center will likely undertake in the future. The information contained in this Webcast reflects the status of the SPoRT program as of the summer of 2006. Since the SPoRT program evolves to meet NASA program objectives, some of the capabilities or activities portrayed in this presentation may have changed since its original production
27 Feb 2007
Announcing the official launch of MetEd en español, the Spanish version of the COMET's MetEd web site. MetEd en español mirrors the English language site, providing Spanish language menus for navigation and Spanish versions of all MetEd announcements and product descriptions. MetEd en español can be accessed from any MetEd page by clicking the Español button to switch dynamically to the corresponding page in Spanish. Clicking the English button from any page on the Spanish site will display the English version of that page. Further navigation remains in the language selected.
02 Feb 2007
The "Snowmelt Processes" module reviews the hydrologic concerns associated with snowpack development and subsequent snowmelt characteristics. The webcast is delivered by Matt Kelsch of COMET and is based on classroom presentations from Don Cline and Tom Carroll of NOAA's National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center (NOHRSC). Additional material and review was provided by Ethan Greene of the Colorado Avalanche Information Center. The webcast reviews the important snow hydrology processes including the development of the snowpack, the evolution of the snowpack, the contributions to snowmelt, and the fate of the melt water. A few cases are reviewed, including rain-on-snow cases. As a foundation topic for the upcoming Basic Hydrologic Science course, this module may be taken on its own, but is recommended as a supporting topic for the course.
30 Jan 2007
An Introduction to Ensemble Streamflow Prediction
The “Introduction to Ensemble Streamflow Prediction” module provides basic information on probabilistic streamflow forecasting. In this webcast, Dr. Richard Koehler, the National Hydrologic Sciences Training Coordinator for NOAA's NWS, presents information about the types of organizations that might use probabilistic streamflow forecasts as well as foundation concepts and background for ESP methods. The module begins with a brief review of hydrologic models including deterministic, stochastic, and scenario-based approaches. It then provides an overview of time-series approaches including a summary of traditional techniques such as flood frequency, flood analysis, statistical analysis, and trend analysis. Finally, the module presents the basics of ESP techniques including an explanation of its strengths, weaknesses, and appropriate application. The module also provides guidance on how to interpret ensemble forecast products.
29 Jan 2007
Announcing the official launch of required registration to access education and training modules. Our sponsoring agencies support COMET efforts to make our online training freely available, and they have asked us to collect better user statistics. The best way to develop this information, and improve our services, is to implement a mandatory registration system. Everything on the MetEd Website will continue to be available to you at no cost.
14 Dec 2006
Diez conceptos equivocados comunes sobre PNT
This is the Spanlish language translation of the earlier COMET module "Ten Common NWP Misconceptions," It introduces forecasters to ten of the most commonly encountered or significant misconceptions about NWP models. This list of ten misconceptions includes issues surrounding data assimilation, model resolution, physical parameterizations, and post-processing of model forecast output.
06 Dec 2006
Satellite Meteorology: Introduction to Using the GOES Sounder
This module, adapted for the Web from the CD-ROM released in 1998, reviews GOES sounder characteristics, data products, and applications concurrent with the GOES I(8)-P satellites.
01 Dec 2006
Winds in the Marine Boundary Layer
This module is intended for experienced forecasters moving from a land-based area to a coastal or Great Lakes region where both over-land and over-water forecast areas exist. This module highlights the differences between marine boundary layer and terrestrial boundary layer winds. The experienced forecaster is relatively familiar with the boundary layer over land and the associated implications for the wind field. Using this as a base, the module compares this known quantity with the lesser-known processes that occur in the marine boundary layer. Three major topics that influence marine boundary layer winds are discussed: stability within the boundary layer, isallobaric influence, and the effects of convection and tropical cyclones.
10 Nov 2006
The "River Ice Processes" module provides information on flooding associated with river ice jams. In this webcast, Dr. Kate White, nationally-recognized expert on river ice, explores basic river ice processes including the formation, growth, breakup, and transport of river ice and how it can become jammed, triggering floods. In addition, Dr. White covers the current, state-of-the-art ice jam forecasting, and current ice-modeling research and development being conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. As a foundation topic for the upcoming Basic Hydrologic Science course, this module may be taken on its own, but it will also be available as a supporting topic providing factual scientific information to support students in completion of the case-based forecasting modules.
08 Nov 2006
According to NOAA's National Weather Service, a flash flood is a life-threatening
flood that begins within 6 hours--and often within 3 hours--of a causative
event. That causative event can be intense rainfall, the failure of a dam,
levee, or other structure that is impounding water, or the sudden rise of
water level associated with river ice jams.
The "Flash Flood Processes" module offers an introduction to the
distinguishing features of flash floods, the underlying hydrologic influences
and the use of flash flood guidance (FFG) products. Through use of rich
illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains the differences
between flash floods and general floods and examines the hydrologic processes
that impact flash flooding risk. In addition, it provides an introduction
to the use of flash flood guidance (FFG) products including derivation from
ThreshR and rainfall-runoff curves as well as current strengths and limitations.
02 Nov 2006
Understanding Marine Customers
This webcast introduces the different marine forecast customers and discusses what forecast information they need to know and why they need to know it. A better understanding of the needs of the marine forecast customer will lead to better daily forecasts.
01 Nov 2006
This module provides insights on how to best use WRF mesoscale model guidance in the forecast process. Using two cases in southwest Asia where AFWA WRF is currently in use, it examines improvements offered by the WRF for forecasting fronts, topographic impacts, precipitation type, and hazards to aviation. The module also discusses some mesoscale model limitations, and offers strategies for transitioning between using mesoscale and global NWP guidance for medium-range forecasts, even when the models differ significantly.
26 Oct 2006
Научный взгляд на изменение климата и влияние антропогенной деятелъности
This is a Russian language translation of "The Science of Global Climate Change and Human Influences." This webcast is an expert lecture by Dr. Kevin Trenberth of NCAR’s Climate and Global Dynamics division. The presentation includes evidence that the atmosphere is changing, discussions on global energy flows and human factors contributing to change, and concludes with predictions for the future. This version of the presentation has enhanced graphics and links to additional resources.
16 Oct 2006
Supporting Military Emergency Response During Hazardous Releases
This module is primarily intended for AFWA and other military forecasters. It explains the basics of how hazardous materials are dispersed in the atmosphere and how emergency responders and others model the transport and impact of the materials. The goal is to acquaint forecasters with the inputs needed for modeling and to encourage them to be proactive in providing their site-specific knowledge to improve dispersion predictions.
16 Oct 2006
Mountain Weather Distance Learning Course
This self-paced course discusses the principles of major mountain weather concerns with the aim of improving the prediction of sensible weather in areas with complex terrain.
The course organizes relevant modules and webcasts on the MetEd Website into three parts: Foundation Topics, Core Topics, and a Case Study. By using our Registration & Assessment system, you can track your progress in the course and receive a course completion certificate.
10 Oct 2006
The "Flood Frequency Analysis" module offers an introduction to the use of flood frequency analysis for flood prediction and planning. Through use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains the basic concepts, underlying issues, and methods for analyzing flood data. Common concepts such as the 100-year flood and return periods as well as issues affecting the statistical representation of floods are discussed. Common flood data analysis methods as well as an overview of design events are also covered. As a foundation topic for the upcoming Basic Hydrologic Science course, this module may be taken on its own, but it will also be available as a supporting topic providing factual scientific information to support students in completion of the case-based forecasting modules.
06 Oct 2006
Microwave Remote Sensing 1: Clouds, Precipitation and Water Vapor
This module provides an introduction to polar-orbiting-satellite-based microwave remote sensing products that depict moisture and precipitation in the atmosphere. The module begins with definitions and descriptions of total precipitable water and cloud liquid water products, contrasting each with more familiar infrared water vapor and window channel products. This is followed by an overview of microwave precipitation estimation and a discussion of how polar-satellite products compare with those from geostationary satellites and ground-based radar. A series of case examples highlights potential weather forecasting applications for total precipitable water and precipitation products. The module also includes an introduction to the Global Precipitation Monitoring Mission to which future NPOESS satellites will be an important contributor. This module takes about 75 minutes to complete.
04 Oct 2006
Meteorologists typically examine atmospheric soundings in the course of preparing a weather forecast. The skew-T / log-P diagram provides the preferred method for analyzing these soundings. This module comprehensively examines the use of the skew-T diagram. It explores thermodynamic properties, convective parameters, stability assessment, and several forecast applications. The module is designed for both instruction and reference. It also comes with an interactive web-based skew-T diagram that calculates several common forecast parameters.
22 Sep 2006
DLAC2: Basic Terminal Forecast Strategies
"Basic Terminal Forecast Strategies" is the first in a series of units and Warning Event Simulator (WES) cases that comprise the Distance Learning Aviation Course 2 (DLAC 2): Producing Customer-Focused TAFs. This unit is comprised of two lessons: "Know your Customers" and "Customer-Friendly TAFs". These lessons provide an introduction to understanding aviation customers, their needs, and how to meet those needs by producing clear, concise, and consistent terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAFs). Students are challenged to identify "good" versus "poor" TAFs. They are then led through several exercises that use the Practically Perfect TAF (PPTAF) procedure, which was first introduced in the "Writing Effective TAFs" module from the DLAC 1.
22 Sep 2006
Ocean tides profoundly impact coastal maritime operations. This mo