MetEd: What's New Archive

What's New Archive

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22 December 2008

Topics in Tropical Meteorology

This module brings together six short lessons about significant atmospheric and oceanic influences on tropical cyclone development in the Atlantic Ocean. Topics treated include the African Easterly Jet, the Loop Current, the Meridional Overturning Circulation, ocean heat content, the Saharan Air Layer, and the Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough, or TUTT.

19 December 2008

GOES-R: Benefits of Next-Generation Environmental Monitoring

This module is an introduction to NOAA's next generation Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R (GOES-R) series, focusing on the value and anticipated benefits derived from an enhanced suite of instruments for improved monitoring of meteorological, environmental, climate, and space weather phenomena and related hazards. An extensive set of visualizations highlight GOES-R and its advanced observing capabilities for providing support in thirteen key environmental application areas including air quality and visibility, climate, cloud icing, fires, hurricanes, land cover, lightning, low clouds and fog, marine and the coastal environment, precipitation and flooding, severe storms and tornadoes, space weather, and volcanoes. The module includes an overview of the GOES-R space and ground infrastructure, highlighting key elements and services of the GOES-R program. In addition, the module reviews and contrasts basic concepts and capabilities applicable to geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites, exploring the complementary nature of the two systems. The module concludes with a collection of resource materials, including imagery, animations, and tables extracted from the module for easy access and for use in development of presentations and other learning materials.

16 December 2008

Percepción remota por microondas: aplicaciones de superficie terrestre y oceánica

This module, now translated into Spanish, introduces the concepts and principles basic to retrieving important land and ocean surface properties using microwave remote sensing observations from polar-orbiting satellites. Section one reviews the advantages of microwave remote sensing from polar-orbiting platforms and briefly highlights some of the unique spectral characteristics that allow for differentiation between various surface types and properties. Subsequent sections present a more in-depth look at the derivation and application of microwave products that quantify four different land and ocean surface properties and their characteristics, including snow cover and water equivalent, sea ice, surface wetness and soil moisture, and sea surface temperature. The module reviews both past and current satellite missions and also discusses the future NPOESS constellation that is expected to include a passive microwave sensing capability beginning with the second NPOESS satellite. This module takes about 120 minutes to complete.

3 December 2008

New Environment and Society Topic Area

A new topic area, titled Environment and Society, was added to the MetEd Website. From space weather to hurricanes to health, these modules explore the bridge between people and their environment. Produced for broadcasters, meteorologists, emergency managers, and students, they all touch on weather and climate’s reach into human lives whether on an icy nighttime road, the business end of a flash flood, or in the shadow of a looming hurricane.

These modules should interest anyone who wants to learn more about how weather, climate and the environment can affect them – and what they should do about it if they find themselves in harm’s way.

25 November 2008

Weather and Health

This course will help meteorologists and others broaden their understanding of the impacts of weather and climate on public health, including the impacts of heat waves and cold temperatures, winter storms and thunderstorms, flooding, drought, poor air quality, tornadoes, hurricanes, wildfire, UV radiation, and others. This course is directed to broadcast meteorologists, in particular, who play a critical role in the community by helping the public to protect against weather-related health threats and by promoting good health. The course also describes the public health communication system, providing information about reliable public health services, tools, and resources.

21 November 2008

S-290 Unit 5: Temperature and Relative Humidity Relationships

"S-290 Unit 5: Temperature and Relative Humidity Relationships" module focuses on methods of describing humidity in the atmosphere and how temperature changes can affect relative humidity. Topics from this module will be further related to effects on potential fire behavior in other modules of the Intermediate Wildland Fire Behavior Course.

14 November 2008

Microwave Remote Sensing Topics Distance Learning Course

This self-paced distance learning course provides forecasters, students, researchers, developers, and other interested learners with a foundation in the science, products, and applications of space-based satellite microwave remote sensing.

The three core modules that comprise this course are:

* Microwave Remote Sensing: Clouds, Precipitation, and Water Vapor
* Microwave Remote Sensing: Land and Ocean Surface
* Advances in Microwave Remote Sensing: Ocean Wind Speed and Direction

For those with an additional interest in this topic, the course Web site provides extra materials including a module introducing microwave remote sensing for environmental applications, a module giving background information about microwave remote sensing from polar-orbiting satellites, and two application focused modules (i.e., tropical cyclones and tropical rainfall potential).

5 November 2008

Operational Use of Wave Watch III

In this webcast, Dr. Hendrik Tolman (NOAA Marine Analysis Branch) discusses the operational use of NOAA WAVEWATCH III. The NOAA WAVEWATCH III is a forecast system that predicts wind-generated ocean waves. Dr. Tolman discusses what WAVEWATCH III can and cannot predict along with the model physics, numerics, and forecast products. Numerous examples illustrate the practical effects of several recent model improvements including high-resolution hurricane winds, surf zone physics, wave partitioning, and use of a multi-grid mosaic. The webcast concludes with a discussion of future improvements planned for the wave forecast system.

27 October 2008

S-290 Unit 4: Basic Weather Processes

The "S-290 Unit 4: Basic Weather Processes" distance learning module summarizes atmospheric structure and composition, the Sun-Earth radiation budget, weather elements used to describe the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect, and temperature lags observed both daily and seasonally. The content introduces the concepts of pressure, atmospheric heating, and temperature and provides a basis for understanding weather topics that are explored in more detail in other modules of the Intermediate Wildland Fire Behavior Course (http://www.meted.ucar.edu/dl_courses/S290/).

14 October 2008

Advanced Satellite Sounding: The Benefits of the Hyperspectral Observation

This webcast is an expert lecture presented by Dr. Mitch Goldberg, Chief of the Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division at NOAA/NESDIS. His presentation is divided into four sections 1) the importance of satellite observing systems, 2) a brief review of remote sensing principles, 3) results from current observing systems including AIRS, IASI, and CrIS, and 4) the importance of having hyperspectral soundings also taken from geostationary orbit. The lecture introduces listeners to what hyperspectral observations are, how they are done, some current products, and how these observations contribute to improved monitoring of atmospheric temperature, moisture, and even trace gases, environmental hazards, climate, oceans, and land. It also discusses how these data lead to improvements in numerical weather prediction.

13 October 2008

NWP Workshop on WRF and NAEFS

The Workshop on the Weather Research and Forecast model and the North American Ensemble Forecast System was given at the regional training center in Pretoria, South Africa in October, 2007, sponsored by NOAA NWS, coordinated by Wassila Thiaw (African Training Desk Coordinator, NCEP), and organized with the assistance of the WMO and South Africa Weather Service (SAWS). The goal of the workshop was to support capacity building efforts on the use of numerical weather prediction (NWP) products in Africa. This Webcast collection offers seven lectures from the workshop, including Introduction to Mesoscale Models (WRF), Introduction to Local Area Modeling (WRF), Statistical Methods in Ensemble Prediction (GEFS/NAEFS, Case Study Model Performance (GEFS/NAEFS), Model Jumpiness (GEFS/NAEFS), Operational Use of Bias-Corrected Products (GEFS/NAEFS), and Africa Case Example (GEFS/NAEFS), presented by lecturers Mr. Eric Altshuler (Institute of Global Environment and Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies), Dr. William Bua (UCAR/COMET), and Mr. Richard Grumm (NOAA/NWS).

09 October 2008

Introduction to Statistics for Climatology

The effective use of climate data and products requires an understanding of what the statistical parameters mean and which parameters best summarize the data for particular climate variables. This module addresses both concerns, taking a two-pronged approach: 1) focusing on the statistical parameters (mean, median, mode, extreme values, percent frequency of occurrence and time, range, standard deviation, and data anomalies), defining what they mean and how they are calculated using climate data as examples, and 2) focusing on weather and climate variables, identifying the statistical parameters that best represent each one. The module concludes with a discussion of data quality and its impact on weather and climate products. The module is intended for forecasters and others interested in improving their understanding of the basic statistics used in climate products so they can make better use of climatology products for planning and operational purposes. Basic knowledge of meteorology is beneficial although not required. This module is part of COMET's Climatology for Forecasters series.

23 September 2008

Environmental Satellite Resource Center (ESRC)

The COMET Program in association with NPOESS/IPO and NOAA/NESDIS has created a new web-based search tool for finding useful satellite resources. This community-driven Website provides access to information on satellite systems and applications, data products, cases and examples, and education and training materials about low-earth orbiting and geostationary environmental satellites. It offers multiple search options for accessing materials for all knowledge levels. We invite you to use the ESRC now.

22 September 2008

Introduction to Climatology

This module provides an overview of climatology, the study of climate. The module begins by examining the drivers that combine to create the climate regions of the world¿from those at the mesoscale (local) level to those at the synoptic-scale (continental) and global-scale levels. Examples include locally dominant winds, air masses, fronts, ocean currents, Earth¿s rotation around the sun, and latitude. Each discussion of a climate driver has an ¿example/exploration¿ segment, where the information is applied to several cities. The module also examines a scheme for classifying the world¿s climate zones, the sources and uses of climate information, and some of its limitations. The module is intended for a wide range of users, from forecasters and scientists to those in business and government as well as the general public¿in short, anyone interested in learning about climatology. Some familiarity with basic meteorology is useful although not required.

18 September 2008

Writing TAFs for Winds and LLWS

"Writing TAFs for Winds and LLWS" is the third unit in the Distance Learning Aviation Course 2 (DLAC2) series on producing TAFs that meet the needs of the aviation community. In addition to providing information about tools for diagnosing wind and wind impacts, the module extends the Practically Perfect TAF (PPTAF) process to address airport-specific criteria. By understanding the criteria at airports for which they produce TAFs, forecasters will be better able to produce a Practically Perfect Site-Specific TAF (PPSST). The unit also examines how to effectively communicate logic and uncertainty in an aviation forecast discussion (AvnFD) and addresses maintaining an effective TAF weather watch and updating the TAF proactively.

9 September 2008

North Wall Effects on Winds and Waves

North Wall events refer to high wind and wave events that occur along the north edge of warm, fast, western boundary currents. These events occur along the Gulf Stream off the mid-Atlantic states of the U.S. and along the Kuroshio Current near Japan and Taiwan. This module explores the relationships between atmospheric stability, winds, waves, and ocean currents during North Wall events. Using three different case studies, we examine the relevant aspects of several topics, including the synoptic setting, ocean currents, evolution of the marine boundary layer, growth of ocean waves, and potential wave-current interactions.

29 August 2008

Creación de productos meteorológicos a partir de observaciones satelitales

This module, now translated into Spanish, presents an overview of how satellite data are turned into the satellite products used by operational forecasters and the research and educational communities, etc. The module begins by describing the process of creating simple image products that use relatively simple image manipulation techniques to highlight properties such as wind-blown dust, vegetation, and cloud phase. The module then describes some of the more complex processes involved in generating quantitative products, such as cloud identification, atmospheric instability, wildfire characterization, and sea surface temperature. Finally, the module introduces advanced products that use the thousands of channels on hyperspectral instruments to derive a variety of geophysical parameters related to the characterization of aerosols, trace gases, cloud microphysics, and atmospheric profiling, etc. The discussion of quantitative products uses the example of the Meteosat cloud mask, which indicates whether a pixel in a satellite image is clear or cloudy. Cloud mask products are important to all environmental satellites in that they form the basis for many other derived products.

25 August 2008

Dams and Dam Failure - Module 2: St. Venant Equations, Modeling, and Case Study

This second module in the two-part series expands on the science explaining catastrophic dam failure and flood-wave prediction methods associated with these events. Through the use of rich illustrations and interactions, this module introduces the St. Venant equations for dynamic wave flow, and flood wave characteristics. It also explains the general dam failure modeling process along with advantages and limitations of dam failure models including model stability, accuracy, and sensitivity issues. Finally, it also provides an overview of the Teton River dam failure, one of the most famous hydrologic events in U.S. history. The two modules that comprise this series are designed to be taken consecutively and together provide a fundamental understanding of this complex hydrologic topic.

22 August 2008

Dominio del diagrama oblicuo T-log p

This is the Spanish translation of the original Skew-T Mastery module. Meteorologists typically examine atmospheric soundings in the course of preparing a weather forecast. The skew-T / log-P diagram provides the preferred method for analyzing these soundings. This module comprehensively examines the use of the skew-T diagram. It explores thermodynamic properties, convective parameters, stability assessment, and several forecast applications. The module is designed for both instruction and reference. It also comes with an interactive Web-based skew-T diagram that calculates several common forecast parameters.

21 August 2008

Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, Chapter 10: Tropical Cyclones

Chapter 10, Tropical Cyclones, is the third published chapter of the online textbook, Introduction to Tropical Meteorology. Tropical cyclones are the deadliest tropical weather systems. This chapter describes their seasonal and geographic variability and controls, decadal cycles, and history of naming conventions. Tropical cyclogenesis is explored in depth and the core and balance solutions for regions of the cyclone are examined. Intensity is considered in terms of inner-core dynamics, large-scale environmental controls, limits on potential intensity, satellite interpretation techniques, and classification by wind speed. Factors that influence motion are investigated. Extratropical transition is described in terms of structural changes, preceding mechanisms, and impact on high latitudes. Societal impacts and mitigation are also covered.

13 August 2008

Analyzing Ocean Swell

This module describes the main elements to consider when analyzing wave model and buoy data. The module focuses on data products available from NOAA including spectral plots, maps, and text bulletins. East and West Coast wave-masking exercises conclude the module. The content in this module is an excerpt from the previously published COMET module Rip Currents: Forecasting.

04 August 2008

Introduction to Distributed Hydrologic Modeling

In this webcast, Diane Cooper, with the Southern Region Headquarters of NOAA's National Weather Service, provides a basic scientific description of the physical processes, mathematical equations, and data issues with respect to distributed hydrologic models. Ms. Cooper first explains the background of hydrologic modeling and how that influences the current state-of-the-art for distributed hydrologic modeling. She then describes the physical process that distributed hydrologic models are attempting to capture and covers a few basic mathematical equations related to these models. She also identifies modeling challenges related to the complexity, calibration, and large data requirements, and gives an overview of the results to date of distributed hydrologic models used at the NWS. The target audience for this module is NWS forecasters who have little or no training in hydrology but can benefit from knowing how distributed hydrologic models work.

24 July 2008

Ondas de montaña y vientos de ladera descendentes

Mountain waves form above and downwind of topographic barriers and frequently pose a serious hazard to mountain aviation because of strong-to-extreme turbulence. This foundation module, now available in Spanish, describes the features of mountain waves and explores the conditions under which they form. Like other foundation modules in the Mesoscale Primer, this module starts with a forecast scenario and concludes with a final exam. Rich graphics, audio narration, and frequent interactions enhance the presentation.

21 July 2008

Weather and Road Management

Anticipating and dealing with weather and the hazards it creates is a real challenge for those in departments of transportation. This module gives road and highway managers a basic understanding of meteorology and weather hazards so that they can better interpret weather forecast information used to make road management decisions. The module also highlights web-based forecast products available from the National Weather Service that can help in the decision-making process.

08 July 2008

Vientos canalizados

This is the Spanish translation of the Gap Winds module. This module provides a basic understanding of why gap winds occur, their typical structures, and how gap wind strength and extent are controlled by larger-scale, or synoptic, conditions. You will learn about a number of important gap flows in coastal regions around the world, with special attention given to comprehensively documented gap wind cases in the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Columbia River Gorge. Basic techniques for evaluating and predicting gap flows are presented. The module reviews the capabilities and limitations of the current generation of mesoscale models in producing realistic gap winds. By the end of this module, you should have sufficient background to diagnose and forecast gap flows around the world, and to use this knowledge to understand their implications for operational decisions. Other features in this module include a concise summary for quick reference and a final exam to test your knowledge. Like other modules in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer, this module comes with audio narration, rich graphics, and a companion print version.

03 July 2008

Principios de convección I: empuje hidrostático y CAPE

This is the Spanish translation of the Principles of Convection I: Buoyancy and CAPE module providing a brief overview of Buoyancy and CAPE. Topics covered include the origin of atmospheric buoyancy, estimating buoyancy using the CAPE and Lifted Index, factors that affect buoyancy including entrainment of mid-level air, water loading, convective inhibition, and the origin of convective downdrafts. This module delivers instruction with audio narration, rich graphics, and a companion print version.

30 June 2008

Introduction to Verification of Hydrologic Forecasts

This module offers a comprehensive description of a set of common verification measures for hydrologic forecasts, both deterministic and probabilistic. Through use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains how these verification measures can provide valuable information to users with varying needs. In addition to providing a measure of how well a forecast matches observations, verification measures can be used to help forecasters and users learn about the strengths and weaknesses of a forecast.

23 June 2008

Creating Meteorological Products from Satellite Data

This module presents an overview of how satellite data are turned into the satellite products used by operational forecasters and the research and educational communities, etc. The module begins by describing the process of creating simple image products that use relatively simple image manipulation techniques to highlight properties such as wind-blown dust, vegetation, and cloud phase. The module then describes some of the more complex processes involved in generating quantitative products, such as cloud identification, atmospheric instability, wildfire characterization, and sea surface temperature. Finally, the module introduces advanced products that use the thousands of channels on hyperspectral instruments to derive a variety of geophysical parameters related to the characterization of aerosols, trace gases, cloud microphysics, and atmospheric profiling, etc. The discussion of quantitative products uses the example of the Meteosat cloud mask, which indicates whether a pixel in a satellite image is clear or cloudy. Cloud mask products are important to all environmental satellites in that they form the basis for many other derived products.

12 June 2008

Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course Orientation

The Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course Orientation module introduces the organization of the course, the topics presented, and the intended audience, as well as the motivation for converting this course to online training. This web module is part of the Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course.

09 June 2008

Pronóstico de tipo e intensidad de engelamiento en aviación

This is the Spanish translation of Forecasting Aviation Icing: Icing Type and Severity, which discusses the current theories of atmospheric conditions associated with aircraft icing and applies the theories to the icing diagnosis and forecast process. The contribution of liquid water content, temperature, and droplet size parameters to icing are examined. Identification of icing type, icing severity, and the hazards associated with icing features are presented. Tools to help diagnose atmospheric processes that may be contributing to icing and the special case of supercooled large drop (SLD) icing are examined and applied in short exercises.

28 May 2008

Estudo do Ciclo Hidrológico

This is the Brazilian Portuguese translation of the "Understanding the Hydrologic Cycle" module. This module helps students gain a basic understanding of the elements of the hydrologic cycle. Making use of illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module examines the basic concepts of the hydrologic cycle including water distribution, atmospheric water, surface water, groundwater, and snowpack/snowmelt.

23 May 2008

Microwave Remote Sensing: Land and Ocean Surface Applications

This module introduces the concepts and principles basic to retrieving important land and ocean surface properties using microwave remote sensing observations from polar-orbiting satellites. Section one reviews the advantages of microwave remote sensing from polar-orbiting platforms and briefly highlights some of the unique spectral characteristics that allow for differentiation between various surface types and properties. Subsequent sections present a more in-depth look at the derivation and application of microwave products that quantify four different land and ocean surface properties and their characteristics, including snow cover and water equivalent, sea ice, surface wetness and soil moisture, and sea surface temperature. The module reviews both past and current satellite missions and also discusses the future NPOESS constellation that is expected to include a passive microwave sensing capability beginning with the second NPOESS satellite. This module takes about 120 minutes to complete.

22 May 2008

Introducción a la meteorología tropical, Capítulo 6: Distribución de humedad y precipitación

This is the Spanish translation of Chapter 6, The Distribution of Moisture and Precipitation, the second published chapter of the online textbook, Introduction to Tropical Meteorology. Moisture and precipitation distribution governs life in the tropics. Surplus heating and rising motion in the tropics ignites the global water and energy cycles and influences weather in the midlatitudes. Chapter 6 presents the horizontal and vertical distribution of water vapor, tropical cloud formation and distribution, the lifecycle and precipitation characteristics of tropical mesoscale convective systems, and the variability of tropical precipitation on yearly, seasonal, and hourly time-scales. The online textbook has many special features including individual chapter review questions and quiz, topic focus sections, direct access to operational forecasting topics, box sections that elaborate on theoretical concepts, links to resources for further study, critical thinking questions interspersed throughout the text, icons that identify resource links and critical thinking exercises, and science biographies.

08 May 2008

Estrategias básicas para pronósticos de aeródromo

This is the Spanish translation of Basic Terminal Forecast Strategies which is the first component of the Distance Learning Course 2, Producing Customer-Focused TAFs. Basic Terminal Forecast Strategies is comprised of two lessons that provide 1) an introduction to understanding aviation customers and their needs and 2) a technique to meet those needs by producing clear, concise, and consistent terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAFs).

28 April 2008

Fire Weather Climatology

The Fire Weather Climatology module provides a comprehensive look at fire regions across the United States and characteristics of typical fire seasons in each region. In addition, critical fire weather patterns are described in terms of their development, duration and impact on fire weather. Numerous case studies provide examples and opportunities to practice recognizing these critical patterns and how they can affect fire ignition and spread. This module is part of the Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course.

28 April 2008

Mesoscale Meteorology Effects on Fire Behavior

The Mesoscale Meteorology Effects on Fire Behavior module reviews the development of thermally forced winds in complex terrain and explores how these winds combine with the effects of terrain to influence fire spread. Three-dimensional conceptual animations illustrate these effects through a 24-hr period, as members of the team working this theoretical fire describe different aspects of weather, fire behavior, and operational fire fighting decisions at specific times during this day. This module is part of the Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course.

24 April 2008

Interacción entre flujo y topografía

This Spanish translation is a foundation module in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer series. Topics covered include an overview of factors that control whether air will go up and over a mountain or be forced around it, the role of potential and kinetic energy, the Froude number and what it tells you, and air flow blocked by topography.

1 April 2008

Percepción remota por microondas: nubes, precipitación y vapor de agua

This Spanish translation provides an introduction to polar-orbiting-satellite-based microwave remote sensing products that depict moisture and precipitation in the atmosphere. The module begins with definitions and descriptions of total precipitable water and cloud liquid water products, contrasting each with more familiar infrared water vapor and window channel products. This is followed by an overview of microwave precipitation estimation and a discussion of how polar-satellite products compare with those from geostationary satellites and ground-based radar. A series of case examples highlights potential weather forecasting applications for total precipitable water and precipitation products. The module also includes an introduction to the Global Precipitation Monitoring Mission to which future NPOESS satellites will be an important contributor. This module takes about 75 minutes to complete.

31 March 2008

Assessing Fire Danger

The Assessing Fire Danger distance learning module explores techniques for recognizing weather and fuel conditions contributing to fire danger. The module includes a matrix of data sources offering useful weather, fuels, and other information related to fire ignition, spread, and intensity. An overview of situational awareness practices provides information relevant to forecasters in the office or field. This module is part of the Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course.

28 March 2008

Stability, Smoke Management, and Fire Weather Forecasting

The Stability, Smoke Management, and Fire Weather Forecasting module examines the effects of atmospheric stability on fire behavior and the transport of smoke, as well as fire and smoke management operations. Topics covered include the impacts of the formation, persistence, and dissipation of inversions and how best to relate forecast information on these phases to customers. Calculation and application of the Haines Index is applied through the highly interactive Haines Game. In addition, the influence of stability on the transport and dispersion of fire related smoke is covered in the context of smoke management programs and the critical information provided by fire weather forecasters. This web module is part of the Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course.

21 March 2008

Deformation Zone Distribution

The distribution of vorticity centres along an axis of maximum winds follows a fairly predictable pattern based on the characteristics of the flow. By diagnosing these characteristics, the meteorologist is able to quickly deduce the location and relative intensities of the associated vorticity centres as well as the relative sizes of the associated circulations. This information is summarized within the shape and orientation of the associated deformation zones. The deformation zones in turn reveal important details regarding feature motion and thermal advection and thus their diagnosis should be a critical part of the forecast process. This module takes 30-40 minutes to complete. It is part of the series: "Dynamic Feature Identification: The Satellite Palette".

19 March 2008

Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, Chapter 6: The Distribution of Moisture and Precipitation

Chapter 6, The Distribution of Moisture and Precipitation, is the second published chapter of the online textbook, Introduction to Tropical Meteorology. Moisture and precipitation distribution governs life in the tropics. Surplus heating and rising motion in the tropics ignites the global water and energy cycles and influences weather in the midlatitudes. Chapter 6 presents the horizontal and vertical distribution of water vapor, tropical cloud formation and distribution, the lifecycle and precipitation characteristics of tropical mesoscale convective systems, and the variability of tropical precipitation on yearly, seasonal, and hourly time-scales. The online textbook has many special features including individual chapter review questions and quiz, topic focus sections, direct access to operational forecasting topics, box sections that elaborate on theoretical concepts, links to resources for further study, critical thinking questions interspersed throughout the text, icons that identify resource links and critical thinking exercises, and science biographies.

19 March 2008

Dams and Dam Failure - Module 1: Terminology and Open Channel Hydraulics

This is the first module of a two-part series offering an introduction to the science explaining catastrophic dam failure and flood-wave prediction methods associated with these events. Through use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains key terminology and concepts including dam types and purposes, failure statistics, the general dam failure process, open channel hydraulics, critical flow, Manning's equation, and conveyance. The information covered in this two module series will provide a scientific foundation for advanced course work needed to run dam break simulations and to conduct hydraulic modeling as a part of dynamic wave forecasting.

19 March 2008

This module provides a comprehensive overview of the three main dimensions of the fire environment triangle: fuels, topography, and weather. Five interactive case studies illustrate the interdependent influences these three dimensions have on fire behavior. A wide range of fire behavior is also discussed in terms of the environmental factors that support or suppress fire ignition and spread. As part of the Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course, this module is meant to introduce forecasters to science of fire behavior.

13 March 2008

Productos de satélites polares para pronósticos operativos: análisis de ciclones tropicales por microondas

This is the Spanish translation of the Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster: Microwave Analysis of Tropical Cyclones module which introduces forecasters to the use of microwave image products for observing and analyzing tropical cyclones. Microwave data from polar-orbiting satellites is crucial to today¿s operational forecasters, and particularly for those with maritime forecasting responsibilities where in situ observations are sparse. This module includes information on storm structure and techniques for improved storm positioning using the 37 and 85-91 GHz channels from several satellite sensors. Information on current sensors and on the product availability in the NPOESS era is also presented.

6 March 2008

Potencial de precipitación tropical (TraP) operativo derivado por satélite

The COMET Program and the Integrated Program Office are pleased to announce the Spanish translation of The Operational Tropical Rainfall Potential (TRaP) module. This module, developed by Sheldon Kusselson (Satellite Analysis Branch, NESDIS), traces the development of the present TRaP product and shows numerous examples from recent hurricane seasons comparing model precipitation forecast amounts, TRaP estimated rainfall amounts, and observed rainfall. Guidelines for using the TRaP product and future improvements are presented at the conclusion of the module.

5 March 2008

Fire Weather Forecasting: Clear Communications

The Fire Weather Forecasting: Clear Communications distance learning module offers best practices for Fire Weather Forecasters needing to communicate weather information when deployed in the field. The 30-minute module defines strategies for communicating with Weather Forecast Offices and with customers. Examples include writing a useful fire weather forecast discussion and undertaking proper planning to quickly and accurately disseminate information. This distance learning module is part of the Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course.

29 February 2008

History of the Incident Meteorologist Program

The History of the Incident Meteorologist Program describes the evolution of fire weather support by National Weather Service meteorologists, including the more recent expansion to other hazardous incidents and significant national events. This webcast also reviews the evolution of the Air-Transportable Meteorological Unit (ATMU) into today's AMRS/FxNet system used by Incident Meteorologists. This short webcast is part of the Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course.

25 February 2008

New MetEd Search Capability

MetEd has recently been upgraded to include new and enhanced Search functionality. After entering your search keywords in the search field of the MetEd banner, you are provided two forms of results. The “Module Results” lists all training and education modules and Webcasts that match your keywords, while the “Site-wide Results” includes, in addition, all Web pages, presentations, and other resources available on the site.

22 February 2008

Weather and the Built Environment

This short course provides broadcast meteorologists, educators, and the public with an overview of the evolution of our modern urban environment with a focus on impacts on the urban watershed, air quality, and climate. This course complements the course Watersheds: Connecting Weather to the Environment and both are part of the Earth Gauge™ environmental curriculum for weathercasters and educators. This curriculum is being developed by the National Environmental Education Foundation (NEEF).

19 February 2008

Ciclo de vida de las olas II: propagación y dispersión

This is the Spanish translation of Wave Life Cycle II: Propagation & Dispersion. The goal of the module is to enable a marine forecaster to manually predict how the wave height and period will change as the waves leave their generation area, become swell, and then propagate and disperse into the forecaster's offshore coastal waters. While numerical wave prediction models can provide swell height and period forecasts, they are dependent on accurate wind forecasts by atmospheric prediction models. Therefore, manual skills in determining swell height and period are needed in order to cross-check or correct model predictions in cases of poor or unresolved model forecasts of winds. The module starts by discussing how swell propagate along great circle tracks and how these tracks will look different on various map projections. With this in mind the concept of developing a known 'swell window' for a given location is introduced. Next, the module uses conceptual animations to demonstrate the effects of dispersion on the swell group as it propagates over a long distance. Also discussed are nonlinear processes, wave steepness, travel time, event duration, and opposing winds. Then the module explains how swell height changes due to angular spreading of wave energy and provides a simplified method to calculate this change. Finally, users are able to test their new understanding of these concepts through a short exercise where they are asked to determine swell height and period at multiple locations. User interactions are included throughout the module and within the short exercise. This is the third in a series of training modules on marine wind and waves. It follows the "Wave Types and Characteristics" and "Wave Generation" modules.

05 February 2008

Fire Model Matrix

The Fire Model Matrix is an on-line resource that presents four fire community models in a matrix that facilitates the exploration of the characteristics of each model. As part of the Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course, this matrix is meant to sensitize forecasters to the use of weather data in these fire models to forecast potential fire activity.

01 February 2008

Aplicaciones satelitales multiespectrales: el ciclo de vida de los incendios en zonas despobladas

This is the Spanish translation of Multispectral Satellite Applications: Monitoring the Wildland Fire Cycle. This module describes current and future satellite instruments and products used for monitoring the fire cycle, with an emphasis on polar-orbiting satellites. Product information is presented in the context of the fire cycle: from assessing the pre- and post-fire environment to detecting and monitoring active fires, smoke, and aerosols. Product information is also consolidated in the Fire Product Suite, available in the module and as a PDF file. The module concludes with an interactive fire case study, supplemented with observations from a National Weather Service forecaster who experienced the fire. The module is intended for a wide range of users involved with wildfire detection and monitoring, including land use managers, hydrologists, weather forecasters, and researchers.

10 January 2008

Introducción a la meteorología tropical, Capítulo 3: Aplicaciones de percepción remota en los trópicos

This is the Spanish translation of Chapter 3: Tropical Remote Sensing Applications, the first published chapter of the online textbook, "Introduction to Tropical Meteorology." It covers remote sensing¿the primary method of observing weather and climate across the global tropics. Learners will become familiar with the scientific basis and applications of radar and satellite remote sensing from examples in which clouds and precipitation are observed by measuring microwave signals using ground-based radar, spaceborne radar, and satellite radiometers. Wind estimation, dust and volcanic ash tracking, vertical sounding techniques, and remote measurement of sea-surface, soil and land surface properties are also covered. The online textbook has many special features, including individual chapter review questions and quiz, topic focus sections, direct access to operational forecasting topics, box sections that elaborate on theoretical concepts, links to resources for further study, critical thinking questions interspersed throughout the text, icons that identify resource links and critical thinking exercises, and science biographies.

3 January 2008

Introducción a los modelos oceánicos

This is the Spanish translation of the module Introduction to Ocean Models. Oceans cover over 70% of the surface of the earth, yet many details of their workings are not fully understood. To better understand and forecast the state of the ocean, we rely on numerical ocean models. Ocean models combine observations and physics to predict the ocean temperature, salinity, and currents at any time and any place across the ocean basins. This module will discuss what goes into numerical ocean models, including model physics, coordinate systems, parameterization, initialization, and boundary conditions.

2 January 2008

Introducción a las corrientes oceánicas

This is the Spanish translation of the module Introduction to Ocean Currents which discusses the origin of ocean currents in both the open ocean and in coastal areas. The module focuses on the driving mechanisms for currents, along with influences that modify existing currents. Driving mechanisms include wind, horizontal density differences, and tides, while modifying effects include friction, bathymetry, and the Ekman spiral. The module concludes with a demonstration of data products and a brief overview of forecast considerations.

21 December 2007

Bilingual Updates

The COMET Program is now issuing quarterly updates in Spanish, highlighting new material that has been translated. If you wish to begin receiving these updates, simply log in, navigate to "Change my account information", and check the box near the bottom of the form. A confirmation e-mail will be sent to you which you must respond to in order for your e-mail address to be added to the list.

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7 December 2007

La prévision d'ensemble expliquée

This is the French translation of Ensemble Forecasting Explained. This module covers the theory and use of ensemble prediction systems (EPSs). The module will help forecasters develop an understanding of the basis for EPSs, the skills to interpret ensemble products, and strategies for their use in the forecast process. It contains six sections: an Introduction that briefly presents background theory; Generation, which describes how ensemble systems are constructed; Statistical Concepts, which provides a brief refresher on knowledge required for ensemble product interpretation; Summarizing Data, which describes common ensemble forecast products; Verification, which discusses how EPSs performance is assessed and documented; and Case Applications, which provides links to a number of forecast cases illustrating the use of EPSs in the forecast process. Questions and Exercises are offered throughout to help you test your learning and provide practical examples.

5 December 2007

Introducción a las mareas oceánicas

This is the Spanish translation of the Introduction to Ocean Tides module. Ocean tides profoundly impact coastal maritime operations. This module provides an introduction to the origin, characteristics, and prediction of tides. After introducing common terminology, the module examines the mechanisms that cause and modify tides, including both astronomical and meteorological effects. A discussion of tide prediction techniques and products concludes the module. This module includes rich graphics, audio narration, embedded interactions, and a companion print version.

3 December 2007

Wave Ensembles in the Marine Forecast Process

The NCEP Marine Modeling and Analysis Branch (MMAB) Ensemble Global Ocean Wave Forecast System (EGOWaFS) provides five-day forecasts of global winds, wind wave and swell conditions in probabilistic terms. This product became available early in 2007 both through an NCEP non-operational web page and, for raw data, through FTP for use by marine forecasters at NWS WFOs and other locations.

The data from the EGOWaFS can be used in a number of ways, including: * As input to probabilistic marine forecasts for wind waves and swell * As input to a local wave ensemble, such as Simulated Waves Nearshore (SWAN) * As input to develop probabilistic forecasts for rip current development

This webcast has been developed to introduce the EGOWaFS to the marine forecasting community. Topics discussed include:

The unique basis for ensemble prediction of ocean waves
Graphics of EGOWaFS product output and their interpretation
Case examples showing examples of EGOWaFS, including:
- Potential for EGOWaFS forecast bias resulting from systematic errors in wind forcing,
- Use of EGOWaFS data to provide boundary conditions for local near-shore wave models, and
- Application of EGOWaFS data to create a probabilistic forecast for the occurrence of rip currents.

28 November 2007

Modelos conceptuales de ondas tropicales

This is the Spanish translation of the webcast entitled Conceptual Models of Tropical Waves. Tropical waves are prolific rainfall producers that sometimes form tropical cyclones. Conceptual models of tropical waves are used to help learners understand the dynamical characteristics and evolution of tropical waves. Learners are able to explore the vertical and horizontal structure of tropical waves and the typical weather changes that accompany the passage of a tropical wave. Four different methods of tracking tropical waves are also provided. The Webcast is presented by Mr. Horace Burton and Mr. Selvin Burton of the Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology under the auspices of the MeteoForum Project.

19 November 2007

Comprendre l'assimilation des données: Comment les modèles créent leurs conditions initales

This is the French translation of Understanding Data Assimilation: How Models Create Their Initial Conditions. This module explains the process by which data are used in NWP models and the ever-increasing importance that data assimilation has on the quality of numerical forecasts. It provides learners an appreciation for how models use data as a function of model resolution and data type, how data influence the analysis, the limitations of data assimilation systems, the importance of initial conditions on the quality of NWP guidance, as well as the challenges of assessing the quality of NWP guidance based on the initial conditions.

The subject matter expert for this module is Dr. Ralph Petersen of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Environmental Modeling Center (NCEP/EMC).

14 November 2007

Multispectral Satellite Applications: Monitoring the Wildland Fire Cycle

This module describes current and future satellite instruments and products used for monitoring the fire cycle, with an emphasis on polar-orbiting satellites. Product information is presented in the context of the fire cycle: from assessing the pre- and post-fire environment to detecting and monitoring active fires, smoke, and aerosols. Product information is also consolidated in the Fire Product Suite, available in the module and as a PDF file. The module concludes with an interactive fire case study, supplemented with observations from a National Weather Service forecaster who experienced the fire. The module is intended for a wide range of users involved with wildfire detection and monitoring, including land use managers, hydrologists, weather forecasters, and researchers.

12 November 2007

The Structure of the NWS Fire Weather Program

The Structure of the NWS Fire Weather Program explores the joint agreement between NOAA¿s NWS and land management agencies to develop an appreciation of the contribution each agency makes in providing the best possible fire weather services. As part of the Advanced Fire Weather Forecasters Course, this module focuses on the NWS Fire Weather Program itself to set the stage for other course modules.

05 November 2007

Deformation Zone Diagnosis

Following an analysis of the main features of a deformation zone, the diagnosis of temporal and spatial changes in these features can be used to deduce underlying meteorological processes and their progression. In turn, this knowledge can then be used in the forecast process to adjust the forecast accordingly. This module takes 35-45 minutes to complete. It is part of the series: "Dynamic Feature Identification: The Satellite Palette".

30 October 2007

Tipos de olas y sus características

This is the Spanish translation of Wave Types and Characteristics, the first in a series of marine meteorology modules based on COMET's old laser disk and CD-ROM modules on marine meteorology. This module is an introduction to waves and their associated characteristics. Several types of waves are presented, from the common wind wave to the rare tsunami wave. The basic physical, mathematical, and statistical traits of waves are discussed, along with how they change once waves become swell. This material serves as a building block to subsequent modules on wave generation, propagation, and dispersion.

24 October 2007

Frontogenetical Circulations and Stability

"Frontogenetical Circulations and Stability" is a Webcast by Dr. James T. Moore that focuses on an overview of different stability types, including convective, potential, inertial, conditional and symmetric, the concept of frontogenesis and associated circulations. The webcast concludes with a discussion of the role of stability in determining the character of frontogenetical circulations.

18 October 2007

Orientación del Curso Básico de Hidrología

This is the Spanish translation Basic Hydrologic Sciences Course Orientation webcast. This brief presentation provides an overview of the COMET Basic Hydrologic Sciences course including: goal and target audiences, structure of the course and adapting it to your needs, and a brief description of course components.

4 October 2007

Casos de estudio de inundaciones repentinas

This is the Spanish translation of the Flash Flood Cases module that takes the learner through seven case studies of flash flood events that occurred in the conterminous U.S. between 2003 and 2006. The cases covered include:

30-31 August 2003: Chase & Lyon Counties, KS
16-17 September 2004: Macon County, NC
31 July 2006: Santa Catalina Mountains near Tucson, AZ
25 December 2003: Fire burn area near San Bernardino, CA
30 August 2004: Urban flash flood in Richmond, VA
19-20 August 2003: Urban flash flood in Las Vegas, NV
9 October 2005: Cheshire County, NH

This module assists the learner in applying the concepts covered in the foundation topics of the Basic Hydrologic Sciences course. Some of the specific topics pertinent to these cases are the physical characteristics that make a basin prone to flash floods, basin response to precipitation, flash flood guidance (FFG), the relationship between wildfire and flash floods, and the relationship between urban development and flash floods. Related topics brought out in the cases include radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE), the National Weather Service Flash Flood Monitoring and Prediction (NWS FFMP) products, debris flows, impounded water, and interagency communications. The core foundation topics are recommended prerequisite materials since this module assumes some pre-existing knowledge of hydrologic principles. In particular, the Runoff Processes and Flash Flood Processes modules contain material directly related to these cases.

4 October 2007

Introduction to Ocean Currents

This module discusses the origin of ocean currents in both the open ocean and in coastal areas. The module focuses on the driving mechanisms for currents, along with influences that modify existing currents. Driving mechanisms include wind, horizontal density differences, and tides, while modifying effects include friction, bathymetry, and the Ekman spiral. The module concludes with a demonstration of data products and a brief overview of forecast considerations.

2 October 2007

Utilisation intelligente des produits dérivés des modèles

This is the French translation of Intelligent Use of Model-Derived Products module. This module was developed and released in three sections: Postprocessing/Products, Statistical Guidance, and Assessment Tools. Specific topics covered include the impact of postprocessing and how to account for it, the statistical methods used to enhance raw model output including how statistical guidance products like MOS are generated, as well as NWP verification methodologies and use of daily model diagnostics.

1 October 2007

Basic Hydrologic Sciences Course Orientation

This brief presentation provides an overview of the COMET Basic Hydrologic Sciences course including: goal and target audiences, structure of the course and adapting it to your needs, and a brief description of course components.

28 September 2007

Precipitación de mesoescala en bandas

This is the Spanish translation of Mesoscale Banded Precipitation. Precipitation frequently falls and accumulates in discrete bands with accumulations that vary markedly over short distances. This module examines several mechanisms that result in mesoscale banded precipitation, focusing primarily on processes at work in midlatitude cyclones. The module starts with a review of the Norwegian and conveyor belt cyclone models. Then several banding processes are examined in detail, including deformation/frontogenesis, the Trowal (Trough of Warm Air Aloft), frontal merger, CSI/slantwise convection, and melting/evaporation-induced circulations. The module concludes with discussions of the representation of banded precipitation by NWP models and the detection of banded precipitation with satellite sensors.

20 September 2007

Forzamiento térmico de la circulación I: brisas marinas

This is the Spanish translation of Thermally-forced Circulation I: Sea Breezes which describes the phenomena of the sea breeze. It examines factors that lead to the formation of a sea breeze, modifying effects on sea breeze development, how mesoscale NWP models handle sea breezes, and sea breeze forecast parameters. The module places instruction in the context of a sea breeze case from Florida and compares surface and satellite observations to a model simulation using the AFWA MM5. Like other modules in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer, this module comes with audio narration, rich graphics, and a companion print version.

20 September 2007

Pronósticos de niebla de radiación

The COMET Program announces the Spanish translation of Forecasting Radiation Fog, the second module in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer series. This module starts with a forecast scenario that occurs during a winter radiation fog event in the Central Valley of California. After that, a conceptual section covers the physical processes of radiation fog through its life cycle. Operational sections addressing fog detection and forecasting conclude the module.

20 September 2007

Forzamiento térmico de la circulación II: brisas de montaña y de valle

This is the Spanish translation of Thermally-forced Circulation II: Mountain/Valley Breezes, the second Foundation Module in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer series. Topics covered include up- and downslope breezes, up- and down-valley winds, associated hazards, and forecasting techniques. Like other modules in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer, this module comes with audio narration, rich graphics, and a companion print version.

19 September 2007

Fire Weather Grid Techniques: Relative Humidity and Dewpoint Temperature

Fire Weather Grid Techniques: Relative Humidity and Dewpoint describes techniques and best practices for creating scientifically consistent grids of fire weather parameters. A case study is used to apply Smart Tools to model guidance to edit relative humidity and dew point temperature grids, and to demonstrate the advantages of editing dew point temperature rather than relative humidity to best represent the moisture in the atmosphere.

31 August 2007

Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, Chapter 3: Tropical Remote Sensing Applications

Chapter 3: Tropical Remote Sensing Applications, is the first published chapter of the online textbook, "Introduction to Tropical Meteorology." It covers remote sensing¿the primary method of observing weather and climate across the global tropics. Learners will become familiar with the scientific basis and applications of radar and satellite remote sensing from examples in which clouds and precipitation are observed by measuring microwave signals using ground-based radar, spaceborne radar, and satellite radiometers. Wind estimation, dust and volcanic ash tracking, vertical sounding techniques, and remote measurement of sea-surface, soil and land surface properties are also covered. The online textbook has many special features, including individual chapter review questions and quiz, topic focus sections, direct access to operational forecasting topics, box sections that elaborate on theoretical concepts, links to resources for further study, critical thinking questions interspersed throughout the text, icons that identify resource links and critical thinking exercises, and science biographies.

29 August 2007

Procesos de inundación repentina

This is the Spanish translation of the Flash Flood Processes module. According to NOAA's National Weather Service, a flash flood is a life-threatening flood that begins within 6 hours--and often within 3 hours--of a causative event. That causative event can be intense rainfall, the failure of a dam, levee, or other structure that is impounding water, or the sudden rise of water level associated with river ice jams.

The "Procesos de inundación repentina" module offers an introduction to the distinguishing features of flash floods, the underlying hydrologic influences and the use of flash flood guidance (FFG) products. Through use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains the differences between flash floods and general floods and examines the hydrologic processes that impact flash flooding risk. In addition, it provides an introduction to the use of flash flood guidance (FFG) products including derivation from ThreshR and rainfall-runoff curves as well as current strengths and limitations.

29 August 2007

Análisis de frecuencia de crecidas

This is the Spanish translation of the Flood Frequency Analysis module which offers an introduction to the use of flood frequency analysis for flood prediction and planning. Through use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains the basic concepts, underlying issues, and methods for analyzing flood data. Common concepts such as the 100-year flood and return periods as well as issues affecting the statistical representation of floods are discussed. Common flood data analysis methods as well as an overview of design events are also covered. As a foundation topic for the upcoming Basic Hydrologic Science course, this module may be taken on its own, but it will also be available as a supporting topic providing factual scientific information to support students in completion of the case-based forecasting modules.

29 August 2007

Caso de estudio de pronóstico fluvial

This is the Spanish translation of the River Forecasting Case Study module which takes the learner through the considerations for the river forecasting decisions associated with the remnants of Hurricane Ivan on 17-19 September, 2004 for the Susquehanna River system in Pennsylvania and New York. The module assists the learner with applying the concepts covered in the foundation topics of the Basic Hydrologic Sciences course. Some of the specific topics pertinent to this case are soil conditions, the impact of QPF on runoff, runoff models, runoff processes, routed flow and stage-discharge relationships. Observations of upstream conditions and comparisons to historic crests are also examined to assist with operational flood forecast decisions. The core foundation topics are recommended as a prerequisite since this module assumes some pre-existing knowledge of hydrologic principles.

29 August 2007

Procesos de hielo fluvial

This is the Spanish translation of the River Ice Processes module which provides information on flooding associated with river ice jams. In this webcast, Dr. Kate White, nationally-recognized expert on river ice, explores basic river ice processes including the formation, growth, breakup, and transport of river ice and how it can become jammed, triggering floods. In addition, Dr. White covers the current, state-of-the-art ice jam forecasting, and current ice-modeling research and development being conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. As a foundation topic for the upcoming Basic Hydrologic Science course, this module may be taken on its own, but it will also be available as a supporting topic providing factual scientific information to support students in completion of the case-based forecasting modules.

29 August 2007

Procesos de deshielo

This is the Spanish translation of the Snowmelt Processes module which reviews the hydrologic concerns associated with snowpack development and subsequent snowmelt characteristics. The webcast is delivered by Matt Kelsch of COMET and is based on classroom presentations from Don Cline and Tom Carroll of NOAA's National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center (NOHRSC). Additional material and review was provided by Ethan Greene of the Colorado Avalanche Information Center. The webcast reviews the important snow hydrology processes including the development of the snowpack, the evolution of the snowpack, the contributions to snowmelt, and the fate of the melt water. A few cases are reviewed, including rain-on-snow cases. As a foundation topic for the upcoming Basic Hydrologic Science course, this module may be taken on its own, but is recommended as a supporting topic for the course.

22 August 2007

Ciclo de vida de las olas I: generación

This is the Spanish translation of the Wave Life Cycle I: Generation module, the second in a series of training modules on marine wind and waves. The first module discussed wave types and characteristics and is a good primer to this next marine training topic. Wave Life Cycle I: Generation examines how wind creates waves and the inter-relationships between wind speed, wind duration, and fetch length during this process. These three factors are important to predicting wave height and what will limit wave growth. Additional topics include fully developed seas, observation sources, and various special wind events such as coastal jets and instability mixing in the marine boundary layer. While much of this instruction is at a basic level, all marine forecasters will find benefit in the more intermediate and advanced topics. These include the issue of dynamic or ¿trapped¿ fetch as well as the use of satellite-based observations of marine winds using the active microwave technique known as scatterometry. User interactions are included throughout the module and within the short case study. The next module in the series will look at propagation and dispersion as the waves leave the generation area.

21 August 2007

Influence de la physique des modèles de prévision numérique des éléments du temps (PNÉT)

This is the French translation of the Influence of Model Physics on NWP Forecasts module which describes model parameterizations of sub-surface, boundary-layer,and free atmospheric processes, such as surface snow processes, soil characteristics, vegetation, evapotranspiration, PBL processes and parameterizations, and trace gases, and their interaction with the radiative transfer process. It specifically addresses how models treat these physical processes and how they can influence forecasts of sensible weather elements.

14 August 2007

Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA): What is the NCEP RTMA and how can it be used?

The NCEP Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA), provides current conditions in digital form on the NWS National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) 5-km grid. This product was upgraded in early July 2007 to the point where its use by forecast offices is now encouraged for situational awareness, creating short-term forecast grids, and evaluating recent forecast grids and forecast bias. Unique to the RTMA is an uncertainty or error estimate for some of its analysis parameters. These uncertainty estimates perhaps could be used to determine when a forecast is ¿good enough¿. This Webcast discusses why the RTMA and its parent project, the Analysis of Record, were created, how the RTMA is generated, and its capabilities, limitations, and possible applications. The Webcast includes extensive discussion about how representative individual observations are and how they are handled by the analysis. The topics covered include:

The context for developing the RTMA and related future developments
Use of the RTMA in the human forecast process
The steps in generating RTMA products: forecast, downscaling, observation data sets, quality control, two-dimensional variational analysis (2d-var), ¿uncertainty¿ estimates, multisensor precipitation analysis, and GOES Effective Cloud Amount
Limitations related to how RTMA products are generated
How an observation affects the 2d-var analysis
Issues raised by the analysis using accurate observations which are not representative of their surrounding area
Preliminary performance assessment over complex terrain
Key changes under development for future RTMA implementations

14 August 2007

Antarctica: Challenging Forecasts for a Challenging Environment

Antarctica: Challenging Forecasts for a Challenging Environment features two educational pieces. The first is the overview giving the general audience a broad look at Antarctica including some history, interesting facts, real-life experiences, climate, and the challenges inherent to this frozen continent. The second is the main presentation where experts in Antarctic research and forecasting, share their knowledge of the continent. They discuss forecasting challenges as well as present and future research topics while providing elaborations on the uniqueness in Antarctica¿s location, topography, and forecasting techniques as compared to other parts of the globe.

9 August 2007

GEM Global Model added to the Operational Models Matrix

Information describing the current implementation of the GEM Global model is now available in the COMET Operational Models Matrix. This matrix describes the characteristics of many commonly used operational NWP models, including model structure and dynamics, model physics, derived products, assessment tools, and assimilation system. Over the years, the Operational Models Matrix has grown into a significant and frequently used tool for operational forecasters seeking information about the numerical models they use in their forecast process. The information is frequently updated as significant changes are made to a model. With this addition, the Matrix now includes both the GEM Regional and Global models, developed and operated by the Meteorological Service of Canada.

8 August 2007

Comment les modèles produisent les précipitations et les nuages

Part of the Numerical Weather Prediction Professional Development Series, this module explores how NWP models handle precipitation and cloud processes through parameterizations and/or explicit methods, with an emphasis on how a model's treatment of these processes affects its ability to depict and forecast precipitation and other related forecast variables.

The subject matter expert for this module is Dr. Ralph Petersen of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Environmental Modeling Center (NCEP/EMC).

6 August 2007

Introduction to Ocean Models

Oceans cover over 70% of the surface of the earth, yet many details of their workings are not fully understood. To better understand and forecast the state of the ocean, we rely on numerical ocean models. Ocean models combine observations and physics to predict the ocean temperature, salinity, and currents at any time and any place across the ocean basins. This module will discuss what goes into numerical ocean models, including model physics, coordinate systems, parameterization, initialization, and boundary conditions.

31 July 2007

Writing TAFs for Convective Weather

"Writing TAFs for Convective Weather" uses a case to show how special tools and techniques can be used to produce a Practically Perfect TAF (PPTAF) for convection. The unit examines how to create TAFs for different types of convection and how to effectively communicate logic and uncertainty in an aviation forecast discussion (AvnFD) or by other means. It also addresses maintaining an effective TAF weather watch and updating the TAF proactively.

27 July 2007

New en Español, Operational Models Matrix: Characteristics of NWP and Related Forecast Models

The COMET Program announces the release of the Spanish translation of the Operational Models Matrix. This matrix describes the characteristics of many commonly used operational NWP models, including model structure and dynamics, model physics, derived products, assessment tools, and assimilation system. The information is updated as significant changes are made to a model. The Operational Models Matrix is a useful tool for forecasters and researchers around the world.

26 June 2007

Flash Flood Case Studies

This module takes the learner through seven case studies of flash flood events that occurred in the conterminous U.S. between 2003 and 2006. The cases covered include:

30-31 August 2003: Chase & Lyon Counties, KS
16-17 September 2004: Macon County, NC
31 July 2006: Santa Catalina Mountains near Tucson, AZ
25 December 2003: Fire burn area near San Bernardino, CA
30 August 2004: Urban flash flood in Richmond, VA
19-20 August 2003: Urban flash flood in Las Vegas, NV
9 October 2005: Cheshire County, NH

This module assists the learner in applying the concepts covered in the foundation topics of the Basic Hydrologic Sciences course. Some of the specific topics pertinent to these cases are the physical characteristics that make a basin prone to flash floods, basin response to precipitation, flash flood guidance (FFG), the relationship between wildfire and flash floods, and the relationship between urban development and flash floods. Related topics brought out in the cases include radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE), the National Weather Service Flash Flood Monitoring and Prediction (NWS FFMP) products, debris flows, impounded water, and interagency communications. The core foundation topics are recommended prerequisite materials since this module assumes some pre-existing knowledge of hydrologic principles. In particular, the Runoff Processes and Flash Flood Processes modules contain material directly related to these cases.

12 June 2007

River Forecasting Case Study

This module takes the learner through the considerations for the river forecasting decisions associated with the remnants of Hurricane Ivan on 17-19 September, 2004 for the Susquehanna River system in Pennsylvania and New York. The module assists the learner with applying the concepts covered in the foundation topics of the Basic Hydrologic Sciences course. Some of the specific topics pertinent to this case are soil conditions, the impact of QPF on runoff, runoff models, runoff processes, routed flow and stage-discharge relationships. Observations of upstream conditions and comparisons to historic crests are also examined to assist with operational flood forecast decisions. The core foundation topics are recommended as a prerequisite since this module assumes some pre-existing knowledge of hydrologic principles.

1 June 2007

Dix idées fausses en PNÉT

This module introduces forecasters to ten of the most commonly encountered or significant misconceptions about NWP models. This list of ten misconceptions includes issues surrounding data assimilation, model resolution, physical parameterizations, and post-processing of model forecast output.

1 June 2007

Principes fondamentaux des modèles

Model Fundamentals, part of the Numerical Weather Prediction Professional Development Series and the NWP Distance Learning Course, describes the components of an NWP model and how they fit into the forecast development process. It also explores why parameterization of many physical processes is necessary in NWP models.

The module covers background concepts and terminology necessary for learning from the other modules in this series on NWP.

The subject matter expert for this module is Dr. Ralph Petersen of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Environmental Modeling Center (NCEP/EMC).

20 Apr 2007

Microwave Remote Sensing Resources

This module provides background information on microwave remote sensing with polar-orbiting satellites. It reviews coverage, orbits, and data latency issues of current operational and selected research satellites and notes improvements expected in the NPP and NPOESS era. The module contrasts active vs. passive remote sensing, discusses advantages and limitations of different microwave instrument scanning strategies, and addresses viewing geometry with implications for spatial resolution and swath coverage. Finally, it offers a review of the microwave spectrum and special characteristics of microwave energy important for understanding microwave imagery and derived products. This module takes about 1 hour to complete.

1 June 2007

Conséquences de la structure et de la dynamique des modèles

Impact of Model Structure & Dynamics, part of the Numerical Weather Prediction Professional Development Series and the NWP Distance Learning Course, provides operationally significant information about model type, horizontal resolution, vertical coordinate systems, vertical resolution, and domain and boundary conditions, with an emphasis on how each aspect can affect a model's ability to depict and forecast weather.

The subject matter expert for this module is Dr. Ralph Petersen of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Environmental Modeling Center (NCEP/EMC).

21 May 2007

Funcionamiento de los modelos de mesoescala

El objetivo de este módulo de capacitación es ayudarle a aumentar su grado de comprensión del funcionamiento de los modelos de mesoescala. A su vez, dicha comprensión puede ayudarle a evaluar de forma más eficiente y precisa los productos de pronóstico generados por los modelos numéricos.

21 May 2007

Meteorología setelital: introducción al uso de la sonda atmosférica del GOES

Este módulo, que ha sido adaptado para web a partir de un CD-ROM publicado en 1998, describe las características, los productos de datos y las aplicaciones de la sonda atmosférica de los satélites GOES I(8) a P. El módulo abarca temas tales como una descripción del espectro electromagnético y de la selección de los canales de la sonda atmosférica, las funciones de ponderación para determinar temperatura y humedad, y la evalauación de los productos de la sonda atmosférica del GOES. Se incluyen ejemplos de iámgenes y productos, así como varios ejemplos de casos abreviados que muestran cómo estos productos se usan en aplicaciones de análisis meteorológico y pronóstico.

17 Apr 2007

New Mountain Meteorology Topic and Spanish Resources

Announcing the addition of two new links on the MetEd Homepage. We have created a new TOPICS link on MetEd to our collection of education and training resources in the area of Mountain Meteorology. Also newly available is a RESOURCES link to a variety of useful Spanish language resources that support meteorology and hydrology education.

06 Apr 2007

The PBL in Complex Terrain: Part 2

This is part 2 of a 2-part Webcast based on a presentation by Dr. David Whiteman on August 11, 2004 in Boulder, CO. Dr. Whiteman presents conceptual and practical information regarding winds in the planetary boundary layer in complex terrain. Part 2 topics include valley wind systems, cross-valley wind systems, diurnal mountain-wind systems, and plateau-basin wind systems.

22 Mar 2007

The PBL in Complex Terrain: Part 1

This is part 1 of a 2-part Webcast based on a presentation by Dr. David Whiteman on August 11, 2004 in Boulder, CO. Dr. Whiteman presents conceptual and practical information regarding winds in the planetary boundary layer in complex terrain. Part 1 topics include diurnal wind systems, mountain-plain wind systems, and slope wind systems.

22 Mar 2007

Deformation Zone Analysis

The quick analysis of deformation zones provides an overview of system-relative atmospheric circulations. Since deformation is a primary factor in frontogenesis and frontolysis, understanding of these system-relative circulations is crucial to the diagnosis of atmospheric processes and weather prediction. This module takes 75 - 90 minutes to complete. It is part of the series: "Dynamic Feature Identification: The Satellite Palette".

17 Mar 2007

Wind and Wave Forecasting Distance Learning Course

This course is composed of five core topic elements. It begins with a Webcast introducing forecasters to typical marine forecast customers and their wind and wave concerns. The second module discusses wave traits and how they change once they become swell. It serves as building block to the subsequent modules on wave generation, propagation, and dispersion. The Wave Life Cycle I: Generation module examines how wind creates waves and the inter-relationships between wind speed, wind duration, and fetch length. Following that module, Wave Life Cycle II: Propagation & Dispersion, teaches marine forecasters to manually predict how wave height and period change as waves leave their generation area, become swell, and then propagate and disperse. The final element of the course is a resource guide primarily intended for experienced forecasters that may be new to marine forecast responsibilities. The guide highlights differences between the marine boundary layer and terrestrial boundary layer winds. Course certification requires completion of these five core topic elements which takes 7 - 9 hours.

15 Mar 2007

Une Introduction au Système Polaire EUMETSAT (EPS)

This is the French version of the Webcast An Introduction to the EUMETSAT Polar System which provides an overview of the EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS), Europe's first dedicated operational polar-orbiting weather satellite program. EPS contributes to the Initial Joint Polar System (IJPS) under a cooperation agreement between EUMETSAT and NOAA to provide and improve operational meteorological and environmental forecasting and global climate monitoring services worldwide. The highly innovative features implemented with EPS include high-level sounding performance and enhanced data streams that further improve the capabilities of advanced NWP systems. The Webcast takes one hour to complete.

05 Mar 2007

Basic Hydrologic Sciences Distance Learning Course Portal

Aimed at those who do not have formal training in hydrology, this course is designed to address the needs of non-hydrologists who work with hydrologic data, particularly in flood forecasting. The course is intended to provide an understanding of the complex interactions between the waters of the land and atmosphere and will prepare the student for further study in this area.

This course consists of an orientation, eight foundation topics and two case study modules. The orientation provides an overview of all the components of the course. The introductory foundation topic provides a basic background on fundamental concepts in the hydrologic sciences. Other foundation topics focus on specific areas of the hydrologic sciences, covering terminology and assumptions as well as critical processes and considerations for hydrologic forecasters. Case study modules integrate foundation material into realistic forecast situations.

Course certification requires completion of the seven core topics which takes about eight to ten hours.

Special interest foundation topics address hydrologic processes that involve snow and ice, and may also be considered required topics for many regions even though they are not core topics. Related topics are not specifically part of this course but provide important material related to hydrologic forecasting.

28 Feb 2007

The SPoRT Center - Infusing NASA Technology Into NWS WFO

This Webcast introduces the SPoRT Center, a joint NASA and National Weather Service project to provide unique NASA datasets to several forecast offices and evaluate their usefulness and impact on forecast operations. The presentation provides a description of the SPoRT Center, examples of its collaborations with weather forecast offices, and demonstrates use of MODIS data, AMSR-E derived products and lightning flash density product applications. It also includes mention of the projects the SPoRT Center will likely undertake in the future. The information contained in this Webcast reflects the status of the SPoRT program as of the summer of 2006. Since the SPoRT program evolves to meet NASA program objectives, some of the capabilities or activities portrayed in this presentation may have changed since its original production

27 Feb 2007

MetEd en español

Announcing the official launch of MetEd en español, the Spanish version of the COMET's MetEd web site. MetEd en español mirrors the English language site, providing Spanish language menus for navigation and Spanish versions of all MetEd announcements and product descriptions. MetEd en español can be accessed from any MetEd page by clicking the Español button to switch dynamically to the corresponding page in Spanish. Clicking the English button from any page on the Spanish site will display the English version of that page. Further navigation remains in the language selected.

02 Feb 2007

Snowmelt Processes

The "Snowmelt Processes" module reviews the hydrologic concerns associated with snowpack development and subsequent snowmelt characteristics. The webcast is delivered by Matt Kelsch of COMET and is based on classroom presentations from Don Cline and Tom Carroll of NOAA's National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center (NOHRSC). Additional material and review was provided by Ethan Greene of the Colorado Avalanche Information Center. The webcast reviews the important snow hydrology processes including the development of the snowpack, the evolution of the snowpack, the contributions to snowmelt, and the fate of the melt water. A few cases are reviewed, including rain-on-snow cases. As a foundation topic for the upcoming Basic Hydrologic Science course, this module may be taken on its own, but is recommended as a supporting topic for the course.

30 Jan 2007

An Introduction to Ensemble Streamflow Prediction

The “Introduction to Ensemble Streamflow Prediction” module provides basic information on probabilistic streamflow forecasting. In this webcast, Dr. Richard Koehler, the National Hydrologic Sciences Training Coordinator for NOAA's NWS, presents information about the types of organizations that might use probabilistic streamflow forecasts as well as foundation concepts and background for ESP methods. The module begins with a brief review of hydrologic models including deterministic, stochastic, and scenario-based approaches. It then provides an overview of time-series approaches including a summary of traditional techniques such as flood frequency, flood analysis, statistical analysis, and trend analysis. Finally, the module presents the basics of ESP techniques including an explanation of its strengths, weaknesses, and appropriate application. The module also provides guidance on how to interpret ensemble forecast products.

29 Jan 2007

Mandatory Registration

Announcing the official launch of required registration to access education and training modules. Our sponsoring agencies support COMET efforts to make our online training freely available, and they have asked us to collect better user statistics. The best way to develop this information, and improve our services, is to implement a mandatory registration system. Everything on the MetEd Website will continue to be available to you at no cost.

14 Dec 2006

Diez conceptos equivocados comunes sobre PNT

This is the Spanlish language translation of the earlier COMET module "Ten Common NWP Misconceptions," It introduces forecasters to ten of the most commonly encountered or significant misconceptions about NWP models. This list of ten misconceptions includes issues surrounding data assimilation, model resolution, physical parameterizations, and post-processing of model forecast output.

06 Dec 2006

Satellite Meteorology: Introduction to Using the GOES Sounder

This module, adapted for the Web from the CD-ROM released in 1998, reviews GOES sounder characteristics, data products, and applications concurrent with the GOES I(8)-P satellites.

01 Dec 2006

Winds in the Marine Boundary Layer

This module is intended for experienced forecasters moving from a land-based area to a coastal or Great Lakes region where both over-land and over-water forecast areas exist. This module highlights the differences between marine boundary layer and terrestrial boundary layer winds. The experienced forecaster is relatively familiar with the boundary layer over land and the associated implications for the wind field. Using this as a base, the module compares this known quantity with the lesser-known processes that occur in the marine boundary layer. Three major topics that influence marine boundary layer winds are discussed: stability within the boundary layer, isallobaric influence, and the effects of convection and tropical cyclones.

10 Nov 2006

River Ice Processes

The "River Ice Processes" module provides information on flooding associated with river ice jams. In this webcast, Dr. Kate White, nationally-recognized expert on river ice, explores basic river ice processes including the formation, growth, breakup, and transport of river ice and how it can become jammed, triggering floods. In addition, Dr. White covers the current, state-of-the-art ice jam forecasting, and current ice-modeling research and development being conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. As a foundation topic for the upcoming Basic Hydrologic Science course, this module may be taken on its own, but it will also be available as a supporting topic providing factual scientific information to support students in completion of the case-based forecasting modules.

08 Nov 2006

Flash Flood Processes

According to NOAA's National Weather Service, a flash flood is a life-threatening flood that begins within 6 hours--and often within 3 hours--of a causative event. That causative event can be intense rainfall, the failure of a dam, levee, or other structure that is impounding water, or the sudden rise of water level associated with river ice jams.
The "Flash Flood Processes" module offers an introduction to the distinguishing features of flash floods, the underlying hydrologic influences and the use of flash flood guidance (FFG) products. Through use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains the differences between flash floods and general floods and examines the hydrologic processes that impact flash flooding risk. In addition, it provides an introduction to the use of flash flood guidance (FFG) products including derivation from ThreshR and rainfall-runoff curves as well as current strengths and limitations.

02 Nov 2006

Understanding Marine Customers

This webcast introduces the different marine forecast customers and discusses what forecast information they need to know and why they need to know it. A better understanding of the needs of the marine forecast customer will lead to better daily forecasts.

01 Nov 2006

Using the WRF Mesoscale Model

This module provides insights on how to best use WRF mesoscale model guidance in the forecast process. Using two cases in southwest Asia where AFWA WRF is currently in use, it examines improvements offered by the WRF for forecasting fronts, topographic impacts, precipitation type, and hazards to aviation. The module also discusses some mesoscale model limitations, and offers strategies for transitioning between using mesoscale and global NWP guidance for medium-range forecasts, even when the models differ significantly.

26 Oct 2006

Научный взгляд на изменение климата и влияние антропогенной деятелъности

This is a Russian language translation of "The Science of Global Climate Change and Human Influences." This webcast is an expert lecture by Dr. Kevin Trenberth of NCAR’s Climate and Global Dynamics division. The presentation includes evidence that the atmosphere is changing, discussions on global energy flows and human factors contributing to change, and concludes with predictions for the future. This version of the presentation has enhanced graphics and links to additional resources.

16 Oct 2006

Supporting Military Emergency Response During Hazardous Releases

This module is primarily intended for AFWA and other military forecasters. It explains the basics of how hazardous materials are dispersed in the atmosphere and how emergency responders and others model the transport and impact of the materials. The goal is to acquaint forecasters with the inputs needed for modeling and to encourage them to be proactive in providing their site-specific knowledge to improve dispersion predictions.

16 Oct 2006

Mountain Weather Distance Learning Course

This self-paced course discusses the principles of major mountain weather concerns with the aim of improving the prediction of sensible weather in areas with complex terrain.

The course organizes relevant modules and webcasts on the MetEd Website into three parts: Foundation Topics, Core Topics, and a Case Study. By using our Registration & Assessment system, you can track your progress in the course and receive a course completion certificate.

10 Oct 2006

Flood Frequency Analysis

The "Flood Frequency Analysis" module offers an introduction to the use of flood frequency analysis for flood prediction and planning. Through use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains the basic concepts, underlying issues, and methods for analyzing flood data. Common concepts such as the 100-year flood and return periods as well as issues affecting the statistical representation of floods are discussed. Common flood data analysis methods as well as an overview of design events are also covered. As a foundation topic for the upcoming Basic Hydrologic Science course, this module may be taken on its own, but it will also be available as a supporting topic providing factual scientific information to support students in completion of the case-based forecasting modules.

06 Oct 2006

Microwave Remote Sensing 1: Clouds, Precipitation and Water Vapor

This module provides an introduction to polar-orbiting-satellite-based microwave remote sensing products that depict moisture and precipitation in the atmosphere. The module begins with definitions and descriptions of total precipitable water and cloud liquid water products, contrasting each with more familiar infrared water vapor and window channel products. This is followed by an overview of microwave precipitation estimation and a discussion of how polar-satellite products compare with those from geostationary satellites and ground-based radar. A series of case examples highlights potential weather forecasting applications for total precipitable water and precipitation products. The module also includes an introduction to the Global Precipitation Monitoring Mission to which future NPOESS satellites will be an important contributor. This module takes about 75 minutes to complete.

04 Oct 2006

Meteorologists typically examine atmospheric soundings in the course of preparing a weather forecast. The skew-T / log-P diagram provides the preferred method for analyzing these soundings. This module comprehensively examines the use of the skew-T diagram. It explores thermodynamic properties, convective parameters, stability assessment, and several forecast applications. The module is designed for both instruction and reference. It also comes with an interactive web-based skew-T diagram that calculates several common forecast parameters.

22 Sep 2006

DLAC2: Basic Terminal Forecast Strategies

"Basic Terminal Forecast Strategies" is the first in a series of units and Warning Event Simulator (WES) cases that comprise the Distance Learning Aviation Course 2 (DLAC 2): Producing Customer-Focused TAFs. This unit is comprised of two lessons: "Know your Customers" and "Customer-Friendly TAFs". These lessons provide an introduction to understanding aviation customers, their needs, and how to meet those needs by producing clear, concise, and consistent terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAFs). Students are challenged to identify "good" versus "poor" TAFs. They are then led through several exercises that use the Practically Perfect TAF (PPTAF) procedure, which was first introduced in the "Writing Effective TAFs" module from the DLAC 1.

22 Sep 2006

Introduction to Ocean Tides

Ocean tides profoundly impact coastal maritime operations. This module provides an introduction to the origin, characteristics, and prediction of tides. After introducing common terminology, the module examines the mechanisms that cause and modify tides, including both astronomical and meteorological effects. A discussion of tide prediction techniques and products concludes the module. This module includes rich graphics, audio narration, embedded interactions, and a companion print version.

22 Sep 2006

An Introduction to the EUMETSAT Polar System

This Webcast provides an overview of the EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS), Europe's first dedicated operational polar-orbiting weather satellite program. EPS contributes to the Initial Joint Polar System (IJPS) under a cooperation agreement between EUMETSAT and NOAA to provide and improve operational meteorological and environmental forecasting and global climate monitoring services worldwide. The highly innovative features implemented with EPS include high-level sounding performance and enhanced data streams that further improve the capabilities of advanced NWP systems. The Webcast takes one hour to complete.

20 Sep 2006

Procesos de escorrentía

This is the Spanish version of the Runoff Processes module, which offers a thorough introduction to the runoff processes critical for flood and water supply prediction. Through the use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains key terminology and concepts including paths to runoff, basin and soil properties and runoff modeling. It also provides an introduction to the National Weather Service River Forecast System (NWSRFS). As a foundation topic for the upcoming Basic Hydrologic Science course, this module may be taken on its own or used as a supporting topic to provide factual scientific information to students as they complete the case-based forecasting modules.

20 Sep 2006

Teoría del hidrograma unitario

This is the Spanish version of the Unit Hydrograph Theory module, which offers a thorough introduction to the use of unit hydrographs and the application of unit hydrograph theory in flood prediction. Through use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains key terminology and assumptions, outlines the steps in creation of a unit hydrograph, examines the issues surrounding application of unit hydrograph theory, and discusses important considerations for forecasters. As a foundation topic for the upcoming Basic Hydrologic Science Course, this module may be taken on its own, or used as a supporting topic providing factual scientific information to students as they complete the case-based forecasting modules.

20 Sep 2006

Tránsito de avenidas

This is the Spanish version of the Streamflow Routing module, which offers a thorough introduction to streamflow routing methods and applications in the river forecasting process. Through the use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains key routing concepts, flow characteristics, and tools with a primary focus on hydrologic routing methods. As a foundation topic for the upcoming Basic Hydrologic Science course, this module may be taken on its own or used as a supporting topic to provide factual scientific information to students as they complete the case-based forecasting modules.

30 Aug 2006

Watersheds: Connecting Weather to the Environment

This short course provides broadcast meteorologists with knowledge and instructional materials to help them understand watersheds as our environmental home and to help their viewers understand the relationship between the weather and the health and protection of the environment. Environmental impacts in many areas of the country result from the daily actions of people. We can easily see the consequences of a major oil spill at sea that is driven ashore by winds and ocean currents, but what about the fertilizer that people put on their lawns and the de-icer they apply to their driveway, or changing the car.s oil in the backyard, or the pet waste in the yard or local park? Combined with weather, all of these have an impact on both the local environment and the larger regional environment.

11 Aug 2006

Rip Currents: Forecasting

This is the third and final part in a training series on rip currents. The topic of forecasting daily rip current risk can be explored by operational forecasters, many of whom do not have a physical oceanography background. The hazard of rip currents and a review of the factors that contribute to rip current development are discussed. To demonstrate the process of a rip current forecast and as an example of what can locally be developed at the user.s station, the module presents a rip current worksheet that is used operationally at some forecast offices.. Various parts of this worksheet require the use of observed data and model output. These resources range from NOS Detailed Wave Summary reports to NOAA WAVEWATCH III model polar plots of wave spectral energy. The usage of these products in terms of rip current forecasting using the worksheet is explained in detail. In particular, the issue of .wave masking. in the 2-D model plots is illustrated. In order to practice with the products presented, the user is provided two cases (East and West Coasts). Other factors discussed include tide and lake levels as well as situational awareness. Lastly, a summary of important points from the module and experienced forecast offices is provided. Users are encouraged to examine the state of their office.s rip current program and develop a plan for improvement based on concepts and ideas presented in this module.

03 Aug 2006

Comprensión del ciclo hidrológico

This is the Spanish translation of the COMET Module Understanding the Hydrologic Cycle. This module helps students gain a basic understanding of the elements of the hydrologic cycle. Making use of illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module examines the basic concepts of the hydrologic cycle including water distribution, atmospheric water, surface water, groundwater, and snowpack/snowmelt.

01 Aug 2006

Shallow Water Waves

This is the fourth module in our series on open water waves. As deep-water waves approach the coastline, they encounter shallower water and begin to interact with the sea floor while evolving into shallow water waves. This module looks at a variety of shallow-water wave behaviors, including shoaling, refraction, reflection, breaking, attenuation, and coastal run-up and set-up. All are important considerations when forecasting for small craft and other recreational interests in the near-shore environment.

28 July 2006

Enfoques para el pronóstico de nieblas y estratos

This is the Spanish translation of the COMET Module Fog and Stratus Forecast Approaches. This module deals with identifying the characteristics of radiation versus advection fog events, determining which process is dominating, and applying that understanding when making ceiling and visibility forecasts. A forecast approach using a decision tree is also discussed. This decision tree outlines the basic steps involved in applying a thorough forecast approach to fog and stratus events.

The module is based on live teletraining sessions offered in 2003 as part of the Distance Learning Aviation Course 1 (DLAC1) on Fog and Stratus Forecasting.

28 July 2006

Consideraciones de meteorología sinóptica: pronósticos de nieblas y estratos bajos

This is the Spanish translation of the COMET Module Synoptic Weather Considerations: Forecasting Fog and Low Stratus. In order to assess whether a fog or stratus event is possible, you must evaluate the synoptic-scale influences that will drive the local conditions. In this module, we examine several common synoptic situations to understand the processes involved in fog or low stratus development. Most of these are forced primarily by advective or dynamic processes (although radiation does play a role).

The module is based on live teletraining sessions offered in 2003 as part of the Distance Learning Aviation Course 1 (DLAC1) on Fog and Stratus Forecasting.

28 July 2006

Impactos en el cliente: Pronósticos de niebla y nubes estratos bajas

This is the Spanish translation of the COMET Module Customer Impacts: Forecasting Fog and Low Stratus. This module addresses issues surrounding the direct and indirect impacts of restricted ceilings and visibilities on aviation operations and also briefly examines their impacts on ground and marine transportation. The goal is improve forecaster awareness of how their forecasts of these events affect commercial and general aviation operation.

The module is based on live teletraining sessions offered in 2003 as part of the Distance Learning Aviation Course 1 (DLAC1) on Fog and Stratus Forecasting.

28 July 2006

Redacción de pronósticos TAF eficaces

This is the Spanish translation of the COMET Module Writing Effective TAFs. This module provides an overview of some of the applicable TAF Amendment and Conditional Group usage rules, as presented in the latest version of the National Weather Service Instruction 10-813 on TAF directives. It also presents a methodology for TAF writing and development that will lead to an effective and user-friendly product. The focus is on the ceiling and visibility aspects of the TAF.

The module is based on live teletraining sessions offered in 2003 as part of the Distance Learning Aviation Course 1 (DLAC1) on Fog and Stratus Forecasting.

27 July 2006

Barrier Jet Forecasting: Colorado Front Range, 17-20 March 2003

This case exercise looks at a barrier jet event over central and eastern Colorado that took on historic significance in terms of snow amounts and variability in snow distribution. The module emphasizes the mechanisms for producing both very large accumulations and extreme small-scale variability. These mechanisms involved both dynamic and thermodynamic processes in this storm. Model and observed analyses and forecasts are considered in detail as the storm unfolds.

7 July 2006

FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Webcast

The FORMOSAT-3 (Taiwan's Formosa Satellite Mission #3)/COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere & Climate) mission involves deployment of six satellites. Using the radio occultation technique, these satellites will interact with GPS satellites and Earth systems to gather data on our planet.s atmosphere. This mission not only has great value for weather, climate, and space weather research and forecasting, but also geodesy, gravity research, and other applications. Assimilation schemes are being developed to effectively integrate the data into existing operational weather forecasting models.

21 June 2006

Selección del canal del GOES

This is the Spanish translation of the COMET Module GOES Channel Selection. This Web module was adapted from the CD-ROM module Satellite Meteorology: Using the New GOES Imager, and uses Macromedia® Flash to deliver audio over the Web.

The 60-minute presentation provides a review of the five GOES imager channels and their use, along with operational examples. The module also includes updated information on the 6.7-micrometer (water vapor) channel and the new 13.3-micrometer channel that will appear on the GOES N-P satellites.

13 June 2006

Runoff Processes

The Runoff Processes module offers a thorough introduction to the runoff processes critical for flood and water supply prediction. Through the use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains key terminology and concepts including paths to runoff, basin and soil properties and runoff modeling. It also provides an introduction to the National Weather Service River Forecast System (NWSRFS). As a foundation topic for the upcoming Basic Hydrologic Science course, this module may be taken on its own or used as a supporting topic to provide factual scientific information to students as they complete the case-based forecasting modules.

12 June 2006

The NCEP NAM WRF Model (Full version)

NCEP is replacing the NAM Eta model with a version of NAM WRF on June 13, 2006. COMET has created The NCEP NAM WRF Model (Full Version) Webcast to describe changes in the model and analysis system, highlighting how these changes impact the model forecast. The new Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis introduced with this change will also be implemented in the Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis later in 2006 and in the GFS, RUC, and Hurricane-WRF models over the next two years. In addition to discussing the GSI, the Webcast covers the change in vertical coordinate and terrain, nonhydrostatic effects, a change in the precipitation type algorithm, and some background on the WRF concept and the previous operational uses of the NCEP Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model.

9 June 2006

The NCEP NAM WRF Model (Short version)

NCEP is replacing the NAM Eta model with a version of NAM WRF on June 13, 2006. COMET has created The NCEP NAM WRF Model (Short Version) Webcast to describe changes in the model and analysis system, highlighting how these changes impact the model forecast. The new Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis introduced with this change will also be implemented in the Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis later in 2006 and in the GFS, RUC, and Hurricane-WRF models over the next two years. In addition to discussing the GSI, the Webcast covers the change in vertical coordinate and terrain, nonhydrostatic effects, a change in the precipitation type algorithm, and some background on the WRF concept and the previous operational uses of the NCEP Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model.

24 May 2006

Landfalling Fronts and Cyclones

Landfalling cyclones and their attendant fronts significantly impact the structure of mesoscale wind and precipitation fields along the west coast of North America. This module focuses on the complex interaction of the wind field with topography and the resulting effects on nearshore winds and precipitation. For example, prefrontal conditions may lead to flow blocking, development of a barrier jet, and seaward displacement of the maximum precipitation. Postfrontal conditions tend to promote windward ridging and lee troughing, which enhance along-coast flow.

16 May 2006

Marine Wave Model Matrix

The Marine Wave Model Matrix provides information on the formulation of wave models developed by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and other modeling centers, including how these models forecast the generation, propagation, and dissipation of ocean waves using NWP model forecasts for winds and near-surface temperature and stability. Additionally, information is provided on data assimilation, post-processing of data, and verfication of wave models currently in operation. Within the post-processing pages are links to forecast output both in graphical and raw form, including links for data downloads. Links to COMET training on wave processes are also provided.

21 April 2006

Conceptual Models of Tropical Waves

Tropical waves are prolific rainfall producers that sometimes form tropical cyclones. Conceptual models of tropical waves are used to help learners understand the dynamical characteristics and evolution of tropical waves. Learners are able to explore the vertical and horizontal structure of tropical waves and the typical weather changes that accompany the passage of a tropical wave. Four different methods of tracking tropical waves are also provided. The Webcast is presented by Mr. Horace Burton and Mr. Selvin Burton of the Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology under the auspices of the MeteoForum Project.

5 April 2006

Ensemble Prediction System Matrix: Characteristics of Operational Ensemble Prediction Systems (EPS)

This one-stop Ensemble Model Matrix provides information on the configurations of the NCEP Short-Range Ensemble Forecast (SREF) and Medium-Range Ensemble Forecast (MREF) systems. Information on ensemble perturbation methods; NWP model resolution, dynamics, physics (precipitation, radiation, land surface and turbulence); and ensemble post-processing and verification links are provided. As the ensemble prediction systems (EPSs) are improved, the information in the Ensemble Model Matrix will be updated. Additionally, as new EPSs are added to AWIPS, we will add new columns to the Ensemble Model Matrix.

3 April 2006

Microwave Remote Sensing Overview

This module presents an overview of space-based microwave remote sensing for environmental applications. It provides basic information on polar-orbiting satellite characteristics, current microwave instruments, and the imagery and products currently available from these sensors. Special attention is given to the improvements expected in the NPOESS era. This module is an introduction to other, more in-depth modules covering the science and application of cloud, precipitation, water vapor, land and sea surface observations. It takes about 40 minutes to complete.

17 March 2006

Streamflow Routing

The Streamflow Routing module offers a thorough introduction to streamflow routing methods and applications in the river forecasting process. Through the use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains key routing concepts, flow characteristics, and tools with a primary focus on hydrologic routing methods. As a foundation topic for the upcoming Basic Hydrologic Science course, this module may be taken on its own or used as a supporting topic to provide factual scientific information to students as they complete the case-based forecasting modules.

7 February 2006

Lectures on Radar Applications in Mesoscale Meteorology

This website provides access to the streaming presentations and PowerPoint source files for the 11 lectures delivered during the AMS Educational Forum “A Primer on Radar Analysis Techniques Used in Mesoscale Meteorology”held on 23 October 2005 in Albuquerque, NM. The presentations discuss how many advanced techniques for the analysis of meteorological radar data can be used to improve understanding of the structure, dynamics, and evolution of mesoscale circulations. The Forum was organized into four sections: 1 ) Microphysical Characterization of Precipitation Systems Using Dual-Polarization Radar Measurements, 2) Single Doppler Retrieval and Assimilation Techniques for Use in Mesoscale Models, 3) Analysis of Mesoscale Processes Using Wind Profiling Radars and Velocity Azimuth Display and 4) Airborne Doppler Radar Analysis of Tropical and Extratropical Mesoscale Systems.

17 January 2006

Wave Life Cycle II: Propagation & Dispersion

The goal of the module is to enable a marine forecaster to manually predict how the wave height and period will change as the waves leave their generation area, become swell, and then propagate and disperse into the forecaster’s offshore coastal waters. While numerical wave prediction models can provide swell height and period forecasts, they are dependent on accurate wind forecasts by atmospheric prediction models. Therefore, manual skills in determining swell height and period are needed in order to cross-check or correct model predictions in cases of poor or unresolved model forecasts of winds. The module starts by discussing how swell propagate along great circle tracks and how these tracks will look different on various map projections. With this in mind the concept of developing a known “swell window”for a given location is introduced. Next, the module uses conceptual animations to demonstrate the effects of dispersion on the swell group as it propagates over a long distance. Also discussed are nonlinear processes, wave steepness, travel time, event duration, and opposing winds. Then the module explains how swell height changes due to angular spreading of wave energy and provides a simplified method to calculate this change. Finally, users are able to test their new understanding of these concepts through a short exercise where they are asked to determine swell height and period at multiple locations. User interactions are included throughout the module and within the short exercise.

10 January 2006

Dynamic Feature Identification: The Satellite Palette

This series addresses the use of satellite imagery and focuses attention on the identification of dynamic features using high-resolution satellite imagery with NWP verification. The series will eventually include more than 20 feature presentations on topics such as comma clouds, jet streaks, deformation zones, surface features, convection, and blocking.

Each feature presentation includes interactive identification exercises, analysis and diagnosis, conceptual models, and forecast implications. It takes approximately 20 minutes to complete each feature in the series.

27 December 2005

Unit Hydrograph Theory

The Unit Hydrograph Theory module offers a thorough introduction to the use of unit hydrographs and the application of unit hydrograph theory in flood prediction. Through use of rich illustrations, animations, and interactions, this module explains key terminology and assumptions, outlines the steps in creation of a unit hydrograph, examines the issues surrounding application of unit hydrograph theory, and discusses important considerations for forecasters. As a foundation topic for the upcoming Basic Hydrologic Science Course, this module may be taken on its own, or used as a supporting topic providing factual scientific information to students as they complete the case-based forecasting modules.

28 November 2005

Advances in Microwave Remote Sensing: Ocean Wind Speed and Direction

This Webcast covers the ocean surface wind retrieval process, the basics of microwave polarization as it relates to wind retrievals, and several operational examples. Information on the development of microwave sensors used to retrieve ocean surface wind speed and the ocean surface wind vector (speed and direction) is also included.

11 November 2005

Space Weather Basics

This Webcast presents an overview of the processes of space weather, its impacts on Earth and human activities, and technologies used for forecasting space weather events. The Webcast goal is to provide NWS forecasters a basic understanding of space weather and the operations of NOAA's Space Environment Center (SEC). It will be of interest to a general audience as well.

7 November 2005

Understanding the Hydrologic Cycle

The first release of the Basic Hydrological Science Course, this module helps students gain a basic understanding of the elements of the hydrologic cycle. Making use of illustrations, animations and interactions, this module examines the basic concepts of the hydrologic cycle including water distribution, atmospheric water, surface water, groundwater, and snowpack/snowmelt. The Basic Hydrologic Science Course provides an understanding of the core concepts in hydrologic science as they apply to hydrologic prediction. As the first of the foundation topics of the course, this module may be taken on its own but will also be available as a supporting topic from within any of the planned case-based modules.

28 September 2005

NWS Support During Hazardous Materials Emergencies

Threats such as terrorist incidents and accidental hazardous releases have made atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling an increasingly prominent area of service and support for NOAA's National Weather Service. The new National Response Plan has redefined the National Weather Service role as part of an evolving and increasingly coordinated emergency response system. In addition to providing weather information and meteorological expertise, WFOs are now called upon to support atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling efforts both within the National Weather Service and in coordinating agencies.

27 September 2005

Precipitation Type: New Brunswick, 01-03 February 2003

This interactive case exercise covers a 24-hour forecast period that includes the challenge of precipitation type forecasting. The case exercise provides an overview of precipitation type forecasting based on model algorithms, partial thickness analysis, and the top-down method.

27 September 2005

Topics in Precipitation Type Forecasting

This module presents an overview of various aspects of precipitation type forecasting. It includes sections on microphysics and the ice crystal process, application of partial thickness analysis, application of the top-down method, and an overview of model algorithms used for precipitation type analysis.

23 August 2005

¡Huracán a la Vista!

This module is a Spanish translation of COMET's award-winning Hurricane Strike!™ module designed to teach hurricane safety and science to middle school students. While the module does not have the audio and other multimedia elements of the original module, it contains most of the same information and is accessible to students with low bandwidth or with visual impairments. During the course of the module, students "help" a Florida family prepare for a hurricane by packing a disaster bag, shopping for essentials, preparing the house and yard, and other activities. They also learn how, when, and where hurricanes form and basics about weather patterns that steer their movements.

23 August 2005

Fundamentos de los modelos

The COMET Program announces Fundamentos de los modelos, the Spanish language version of the NWP series module Model Fundamentals, translated by the University of Costa Rica. This module briefly describes the components of an NWP model and how they fit into the forecast development process. In addition, it explores why parameterization of many physical processes is necessary in NWP models.

23 August 2005

Impacto de la estructura y dinámica de los modelos

The COMET Program announces Impacto de la estructura y dinámica de los modelos, the Spanish language version of the NWP series module Impact of Model Structure & Dynamics, translated by the University of Costa Rica. This Web-based module provides operationally-significant background information about model type, horizontal resolution, vertical coordinate systems, vertical resolution, and domain and boundary conditions, with an emphasis on how each can affect a model's ability to depict and forecast meteorological features.

23 August 2005

¿Cómo producen los modelos la precipitación y las nubes?

The COMET Program announces ¿Cómo producen los modelos la precipitación y las nubes?, the Spanish language version of the NWP series How Models Produce Precipitation & Clouds, translated by the University of Costa Rica. The module explores how NWP models handle precipitation and cloud processes through parameterizations and/or explicit methods, with an emphasis on how a model's treatment of these processes affects its ability to depict and forecast precipitation and other related forecast variables. The module provides useful background information to the Operational Models Matrix, which presents current information on the characteristics and architecture of operational NWP models.

17 August 2005

Una Matriz MCS

The COMET Program releases the Spanish version of An MCS Matrix, translated by the Argentine Weather Service in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Severe weather associated with mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) includes all of the severe weather types associated with individual cells, such as tornadoes, hail, and localized high winds. However, it also includes longer-lived and more widespread significant weather events such as large areas of heavy rain, which can cause significant flooding, and large swaths of damaging winds, often referred to as derechoes. The ability to anticipate possible system structures, motions, and lifetimes has important implications for managing your activities during an MCS event. Having the right set of expectations for what is possible and probable in a given storm environment will make you a more efficient and more accurate forecaster.

17 August 2005

Una Matriz de Tormenta Convectiva: Dependencias Empuje/Cortante

The COMET Program releases the Spanish version of A Convective Storm Matrix, translated by the Argentine Weather Service in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Because of their small size and short life cycle, as well as the variety of ways in which they can evolve, convective storms remain among the most difficult to forecast accurately. This module will help you build a strategy for anticipating convective storm structures, their evolutions, and the potential for severe weather based on the knowledge of the relationships between a storm's environment and its structure.

14 July 2005

Wave Life Cycle I: Generation

The COMET Program has just released Wave Life Cycle I: Generation. This is the second in a series of training modules on marine wind and waves. It examines how wind creates waves and the inter-relationships between wind speed, wind duration, and fetch length during wave generation. These three factors are key to predicting wave height and what will limit wave growth. Additional topics include fully developed seas, observation sources, and various special wind events such as coastal jets and instability mixing in the marine boundary layer. While much of this instruction is at a basic level, all marine forecasters will find benefit in the more intermediate and advanced topics. These include the issue of dynamic or "trapped" fetch as well as the use of satellite-based observations of marine winds using the active microwave technique known as scatterometry. User interactions are included throughout the module and within the short case study.

1 July 2005

Creating a Local Climate Product Using Composite Analysis

This Webcast features Heather Hauser of NOAA/ERH/SSD describing the utility of and introducing the methodology for conducting composite analysis as part of the NWS Climate Services program. This 30-minute presentation is intended to introduce climate focal points to the composite analysis process and will be a useful prerequisite to attending the Operational Climate Services residence courses, where the topic will be explored further. Composite analysis is the foundation of a forthcoming local climate-related product, the "3 Month Outlook of Local El Nino/La Nina Impacts."

27 June 2005

Introduction to Ensemble Prediction

This webcast is a shorter companion to the Ensemble Prediction Explained module, focusing more directly on immediate operational needs. Introductory content includes the role of ensemble forecasts, presentation of basic ensemble forecasting terms, and discussion of how ensemble prediction systems (EPSs) are created. The largest section is focused on common ensemble forecast products, including how they differ from traditional NWP products, how we interpret ensemble forecast products, the advantages and limitations of each product, how EPS products are verified, and how to use ensemble products in conjunction with one another to increase your understanding of forecast uncertainty. Finally, three brief cases from cold and warm seasons illustrate the use of ensemble products in the forecast process.

24 June 2005

Mesoscale Banded Precipitation

Precipitation frequently falls and accumulates in discrete bands with accumulations that vary markedly over short distances. This module examines several mechanisms that result in mesoscale banded precipitation, focusing primarily on processes at work in midlatitude cyclones. The module starts with a review of the Norwegian and conveyor belt cyclone models. Then several banding processes are examined in detail, including deformation/frontogenesis, the Trowal (Trough of Warm Air Aloft), frontal merger, CSI/slantwise convection, and melting/evaporation-induced circulations. The module concludes with discussions of the representation of banded precipitation by NWP models and the detection of banded precipitation with satellite sensors.

31 May 2005

The Impact of Weather on Air Traffic Management

This module focuses on the National Airspace System (NAS) and how weather affects it. It describes the various components of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), how that organization manages air traffic, and how CWSU and WFO forecasts help the FAA's decision-making process. The module also provides tips on establishing a good professional relationship with this important partner, understanding their language, and preparing weather briefings that will give them the information they need. This module is part of a larger exercise to develop a station Weather Impacts Playbook, a supplement to the Station Duty Manual.

6 May 2005

NexSat: Preparing Users for the NPOESS/VIRRS Era

The COMET® Program, the Integrated Program Office, and the Naval Research Laboratory are pleased to announce the publication of NexSat: Preparing Users for the NPOESS/VIIRS Era. This Webcast describes the NexSat Website (http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/nexsat_pages/nexsat_home.html), a public educational resource provided by the Naval Research Laboratory and the Integrated Program Office. The NexSat Website offers near real-time access to polar-orbiting satellite imagery and derived products over the lower 48 states and Hawaii from several research and operational satellites. Model data from FNMOC and data from the National Lightning Detection Network is also accessible from the site. It highlights the wide variety of imagery and derived products available from current polar-orbiting satellites and previews the capabilities of the VIIRS instrument on NPP and NPOESS. In many cases VIIRS will provide the same imagery and derived products at significantly higher spatial and temporal resolution. This tour takes about 8 minutes to complete.

25 April 2005

Jet Streak Circulations

This Webcast is based on a presentation given by Dr. James T. Moore of Saint Louis University at the 5th Annual MSC/COMET Winter Weather Workshop on 30 November 2004 in Boulder, Colorado. Dr. Moore reviews many aspects of jet streak dynamics including convergence/divergence, ageostrophic winds, propagation, and coupled jets.

1 March 2005

Dynamically Forced Fog

Fog frequently forms in response to dynamically forced changes in the boundary layer. This module examines dynamically forced fog in the coastal and marine environment, focusing on advection fog, steam fog, and west coast type fog. The focus of the module is on the boundary layer evolution of air parcels as they traverse trajectories over land and water. The module also examines mesoscale effects that impact the distribution of fog and low-level stratus over short distances. A general discussion of forecast products and methodologies concludes the module.

9 February 2005

Topics in Lake Effect Snow Forecasting

Lake and ocean effect processes can have a significant impact on snowfall amounts in many parts of North America, and can be very tricky to forecast. This short module is a collection of narrated reference material on many aspects of lake effect snow forecasting. It is divided into three main topics: Basic Ingredients of Lake/Ocean Snow, Banding Processes, and Satellite Detection. These materials are also available as the separate Supporting Topics within the case exercise module, Ocean Effect Snow: New England Snow Storm, 14 January 1999.

11 January 2005

Space Weather: Welcome, SEC

This video presentation welcomes the Space Environment Center (SEC) to the National Weather Service (NWS) as an operational entity of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) family. Describing the ways in which space weather affects global communications and power resources, it demonstrates the importance of space weather forecasting as a part of the NWS family of services. With the inclusion of SEC, the NWS now provides environmental understanding from the sun to the sea.

28 December 2004

Physics of the Aurora: Earth Systems

This interactive learning module introduces the systems and processes through which the Earth's magnetic field and upper atmosphere capture the solar wind to light up the polar sky. Developed especially for university professors and students in the fields of physics and astronomy, this module includes sections on the history, lore, and science of the aurora, the magnetosphere, the thermosphere-ionosphere, basic electromagnetism, and upper-atmospheric physics.

28 December 2004

In-depth Physics Lessons

This collection of four condensed physics lessons is offered as a companion to our Physics of the Aurora: Earth Systems learning module, and has been developed especially for use by university physics educators. The lesson topics are Charged Particle Motions , Magnetic Force , the Frozen-field Theorem , and Static Atmospheres . Each short, self-contained lesson can be accessed independently and includes interactive formula derivations, exercises, and open-ended questions suitable for classroom discussion or out-of-class assignments.

13 December 2004

Rip Currents: Nearshore Fundamentals

This modules provides insight into how nearshore circulation and wave dynamics are involved in rip current formation. Topics covered in the module include: nearshore terminology, circulation and waves, rip current characteristics and rip current forcing mechanisms. This is the second in a series of three modules on forecasting rip currents.

10 November 2004

Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster: Microwave Analysis of Tropical Cyclones

This module introduces forecasters to the use of microwave image products for observing and analyzing tropical cyclones. Microwave data from polar-orbiting satellites is crucial to today's operational forecasters, and particularly for those with maritime forecasting responsibilities where in situ observations are sparse. This module includes information on storm structure and techniques for improved storm positioning using the 37 and 85-91 GHz channels from several satellite sensors. Information on current sensors and on the product availability in the NPOESS era is also presented. This module takes about one hour to complete.

8 November 2004

Blowing Snow: Baker Lake, Nunavut, Canada 04-10 February 2003

This case exercise takes an in-depth look at a blowing snow event in the northern mainland of Canada. The case addresses specific low-level wind and snow conditions. Model data, satellite imagery and observations are provided for assessing the potential for blowing snow and blizzard conditions as the event unfolds.

25 October 2004

Imaging with NPOESS VIIRS: A Convergence of Technologies and Experience

This module introduces the NPOESS VIIRS imager that will fly on the NPOESS Preparatory Project and the NPOESS satellites. The VIIRS imager has many advanced features that will improve both spectral and temporal resolution. Ninety-five percent of VIIRS data will be available within 28 minutes of overpass time, providing consistent, high-quality, high-resolution data to users. This module covers the improvements to VIIRS by examining the systems that contributed to its development. Special attention is paid to the Day/Night Visible channel as VIIRS will be the first civilian satellite to image atmospheric and terrestrial features with and without moonlight.

27 September 2004

Ensemble Forecasting Explained

This module, the latest in our series on Numerical Weather Prediction, covers the theory and use of ensemble prediction systems (EPSs). The module will help forecasters develop an understanding of the basis for EPSs, the skills to interpret ensemble products, and strategies for their use in the forecast process. It contains six sections: an Introduction that briefly presents background theory; Generation, which describes how ensemble systems are constructed; Statistical Concepts, which provides a brief refresher on knowledge required for ensemble product interpretation; Summarizing Data, which describes common ensemble forecast products; Verification, which discusses how EPSs performance is assessed and documented; and Case Applications, which provides links to a number of forecast cases illustrating the use of EPSs in the forecast process. Questions and Exercises are offered throughout to help you test your learning and provide practical examples. The module also includes a pre-assessment and module final quiz.

24 September 2004

Severe Convection II: Mesoscale Convection Systems

Mesoscale convective systems occur worldwide and year-round and are accompanied by the potential for severe weather and flooding. This module in the Mesoscale Primer series describes typical system evolution by examining squall line, bow echo, and MCC characteristics throughout their life cycles. This module has less emphasis on the physical processes controlling MCS structure and evolution than our previously released module, Mesoscale Convective Systems: Squall Lines and Bow Echoes. Instead, this newly updated module includes more material on tropical squall lines, MCC's, and on NWP's ability to predict convective systems. Like other core modules in the Mesoscale Primer, this module starts with a forecast scenario and concludes with a final exam. Rich graphics, audio narration, and frequent interactions enhance the learning experience.

15 September 2004

Hydrology Training Modules

Through the COMET Outreach Program, the NWS has funded three universities to develop new distance education modules on hydrology-related topics. The new modules are:

Fluvial Geomorphology (developed by SUNY-Syracuse)
Rainfall Runoff Processes (developed by Utah State Univ.)
Stage Discharge Relationships (developed by Humboldt State Univ.)

Links to these modules are also available by clicking "Hydrology" in the "Topics" menu above.

16 August 2004

Rip Currents: NWS Mission and Partnerships

The COMET Program has just released Rip Currents: NWS Mission and Partnerships featuring Timothy Schott of the National Weather Service's Marine and Coastal Weather Services Branch. This 20-minute presentation discusses the basics of rip current formation and detection and the partnerships between the National Weather Service, National Sea Grant College Program, and the United States Lifesaving Association as they relate to rip current safety. This Webcast uses Macromedia^® Flash 6.0^® player to deliver audio and animations via the Web.

16 August 2004

Low-Level Coastal Jets

Low-level coastal jets occur along many coastlines. Winds may exceed 35 knots, and may lead to high waves and significant low-level vertical wind shear. Thus, low-level coastal jets present a hazard to both marine and aviation operations in the coastal zone. This core module describes the features of coastal jets and explores the conditions under which they form. Like other foundation modules in the Mesoscale Primer, this module starts with a forecast scenario and concludes with a concise summary and a final exam. By the end of this module, you should have sufficient background to diagnose and forecast coastal jets around the world, and to use this knowledge to understand the implications for operational decisions.

9 August 2004

Dynamics and Microphysics of Cool-Season Orographic Storms

In this Webcast, Dr. James Steenburgh, working for the Department of Meteorology and the NOAA Cooperative Institute for Regional Prediction at the University of Utah, takes a look at cool-season orographic storms in western North America. He provides a brief microphysics review, an overview of cool-season orographic precipitation processes in several mountain ranges, and a look at forecasting tools and techniques. This Webcast is based on a classroom presentation given in Boulder, CO in December 2002.

15 July 2004

Fog and Stratus Forecast Approaches

This module deals with identifying the characteristics of radiation versus advection fog events, determining which process is dominating, and applying that understanding when making ceiling and visibility forecasts. A forecast approach using a decision tree is also discussed. This decision tree outlines the basic steps involved in applying a thorough forecast approach to fog and stratus events. The module is based on live teletraining sessions offered in 2003 as part of the Distance Learning Aviation Course 1 (DLAC1) on Fog and Stratus Forecasting.

15 June 2004

Case Study: A New England Fog Event

This case examines an event that took place over New England and the Mid-Atlantic on 14 June 2001. As the culminating exercise for lessons 1 and 2 of the Distance Learning Aviation Course 1 (DLAC1) on Fog and Stratus Forecasting, its objectives are to 1) identify the preconditions favorable for fog or stratus development; 2) identify synoptic and local processes that influence the event; 3) assess onset time, duration, dissipation, and intensity; and 4) develop a TAF that reflects expected changes in ceiling and visibility. The module is a re-creation of several live teletraining sessions offered in 2003 as part of DLAC1.

15 June 2004

Case Study: A Northern Plains Cold-Air Outbreak Event

This case study focuses on making a forecast and writing a TAF so that it best represents the meteorological situation to aviation customers. During the exercise, the student prepares a forecast for Sioux Falls, South Dakota. As part of the Distance Learning Aviation Course 1 (DLAC1) on Fog and Stratus Forecasting, the exercise applies concepts taught in the rest of the course, with special emphasis on determining the impacts on airfield flight operations and creating a TAF that describes those impacts. The module is a re-creation of several live teletraining sessions offered in 2003 as part of DLAC1.

14 June 2004

Remote Sensing of Ocean Wind Speed and Direction: An Introduction to Scatterometry

The COMET Program and the Integrated Program Office are pleased to announce the publication of Remote Sensing of Ocean Wind Speed and Direction: An Introduction to Scatterometry. This Webcast features Dr. Michael Freilich (Oregon State University, principal investigator on the QuikSCAT project for NSF) introducing and discussing the fundamentals of scatterometry and how they apply to the SeaWinds instrument on QuikSCAT. Dr. Freilich also describes how the model function is used to derive wind speed and direction from multiple collocated measurements. This Webcast takes about 45 minutes to complete.

14 June 2004

The Science of Global Climate Change and Human Influences

Kevin Trenberth of the Climate and Global Dynamics Division at NCAR provides an overview of Climate Change and the impact that humans have on our climate. Some topics covered in this 47-minute Webcast include: an overview of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the green house effect, evidence of atmospheric change, global energy flows, consequences of human influences and future predictions for climate change.

19 April 2004

Operational Tropical Rainfall Potential (TRaP)

The COMET Program and the Integrated Program Office are pleased to announce the publication of the Operational Tropical Rainfall Potential (TRaP) module. This module, developed by Sheldon Kusselson (Satellite Analysis Branch, NESDIS), traces the development of the present TRaP product and shows numerous examples from recent hurricane seasons comparing model precipitation forecast amounts, TRaP estimated rainfall amounts, and observed rainfall. Guidelines for using the TRaP product and future improvements are presented at the conclusion of the module. This module takes about 1 hour to complete.

2 April 2004

Polar Lows Ungava Bay 01 December 2000

Polar lows are generally short lived but intense events that occur over cold ocean waters, poleward of a baroclinic zone. The polar low in this case formed over the open waters of Ungava Bay, in northeastern Canada on December 2, 2000. The case is presented as a series of challenging forecast questions followed by a more traditional case study
presentation. Included in this exercise is a rich set of data products and access to background materials on polar low forecasting.

2 April 2004

Topics in Polar Low Forecasting

This Webcast presents an overview of the climatology, formation, evolution, detection, and forecasting of polar lows. The presentation has five sections: Disturbances in Cold Air Masses; Climatology of Cold Air Vortices and Polar Lows; Monitoring and Nowcasting of Polar Lows; Polar Lows and NWP; Forecasting Process for Polar Lows. It also includes
a printable forecasting checklist.

29 January 2004

Inverted Troughs and Their Associated Precipitation Regimes

This Webcast features Phil Schumacher, NWS Sioux Falls, South Dakota discussing the conditions that dictate the location of precipitation relative to inverted troughs. Phil presents a composite case study based on collaborative research with Dr. R. Weisman and others, as well as two examples of inverted trough events in the Central Plains. This presentation is based on his presentation at the MSC Winter Weather Course, December 2002, in Boulder, Colorado. The webcast is accompanied by a case exercise, Inverted Troughs Case Exercise.

29 January 2004

Inverted Troughs Case Exercise

This exercise follows the progression of a winter weather event across the Central Plains states beginning 1200 UTC on 7 March 1999. Each forecast question is accompanied by Eta model data and includes a forecast discussion by Phil Schumacher, NWS Sioux Falls, South Dakota. This exercise compliments the Webcast, Inverted Troughs and Their Associated Precipitation Regimes, based on a presentation by Phil Schumacher at the MSC Winter Weather Course, December 2002, in Boulder Colorado.

7 January 2004

Mountain Waves and Downslope Winds

Mountain waves form above and downwind of topographic barriers and frequently pose a serious hazard to mountain aviation because of strong-to-extreme turbulence. This foundation module will describe the features of mountain waves and explore the conditions under which they form. Like other foundation modules in the Mesoscale Primer, this module will start with a forecast scenario and conclude with a final exam. Rich graphics, audio narration, and frequent interactions enhance the presentation.

22 December 2003

Challenges of Forecasting in the West

During this 34-minute presentation, Dr. Brad Colman (NOAA/NWS) covers both the philosophical and methodological to weather forecasting in general, with a special emphasis on challenges introduced in areas of complex terrain. The insightful comments made by the presenter regarding recommended approaches to applying conceptual models, mesoscale model output, and decision trees in the forecast process are useful to anyone who predicts the weather.

18 November 2003

Principles of Convection III: Shear and Convective Storms

Shear and Convective Storms discusses the role of wind shear in the structure and evolution of convective storms. Using the concept of horizontal vorticity, the module demonstrates how shear enhances uplift, leading to longer-lived supercell and multicell storms. The module also explores the role of shear in the development of mesoscale convective systems, including bow echoes and squall lines. Most of the material in this module previously appeared in the COMET modules developed with Dr. Morris Weisman. This version includes a concise summary for quick reference and a final exam to test your knowledge. Like previous modules in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer, this module comes with audio narration, rich graphics, and a companion print version.

28 October 2003

Principles of Convection II: Using Hodographs

The latest foundation module in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer series, this module provides a basic understanding of how to plot and interpret hodographs, with application to convective environments. Most of the material previously appeared in the CD module, A Convective Storm Matrix, developed with Dr. Morris Weisman. Principles of Convection II: Using Hodographs includes a concise summary for quick reference and a final exam to test your knowledge. Like previous modules in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer, this module comes with audio narration, rich graphics, and a companion print version.

23 October 2003

Forecasting Dust Storms

This is the latest module in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer. The module starts by discussing the conditions required for a dust storm, including an appropriate source of dust, sufficient wind and turbulence, and an unstable atmosphere. The module then explores the fate of dust in the atmosphere including dispersion, advection, and settling. The concluding section on forecasting examines a case in the Middle East and demonstrates the use of a mesoscale NWP model, as well as next-generation dust forecasting models.

23 October 2003

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Cycle

This 33-minute presentation, featuring Dr. Vernon Kousky (NOAA/CPC), introduces both phases of the ENSO cycle, including a discussion of the associated global impacts of these events. The newly established “Operation Niño Index” (ONI) is also explained. One of the students who attended the live presentation commented that, “ENSO [was the] best presentation of the workshop! Very comprehensive, from the basics to the more complex issues, easy to follow, and great use of graphics. The presenter did an excellent job of relating the presentation topics to forecasters.”

9 October 2003

The NPP Data Exchange Toolkit (NEXT)

This Webcast features Dr. Robert Murphy of NASA discussing the data quality flags and distribution network for the initial data coming from the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) satellite instruments. Dr. Murphy also provides contact points for more information or to receive the initial NPP data stream.

6 October 2003

NPOESS: The Next Generation Polar-orbiting Operation Environmental Satellite Program

In this Webcast, John Cunningham (System Program Director from the Integrated Program Office) presents an overview of the NPOESS satellite program including instrument descriptions, deployment schedules, and background information.

6 October 2003

Visible and Infrared Dust Detection Techniques

This Webcast, presented by Tom Lee (Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California) demonstrates techniques for dust detection using standard visible and longwave infrared window channels available worldwide on geostationary and polar-orbiting satellite instruments. Several examples from southwest Asia and Africa demonstrate techniques such as using control images, stretching enhancement curves, and using looping to highlight dust features. This Webcast requires about 25 minutes to complete.

23 September 2003

Heavy Banded Snow

In this webcast, Dr. James Moore (Saint Louis University) addresses the location of heavy banded snow in relationship to cold, warm and dry conveyor belts, the TROWAL, and equivalent potential vorticity. This webcast is based on a presentation by Dr. Moore at the MSC/COMET Winter Weather Workshop in Boulder, CO, 4 December 2002.

22 September 2003

Buoyancy and Cape (Russian)

This is a Russian translation of the COMET module, Buoyancy and CAPE, which is part of the Mesoscale Primer series. Topics covered include the origin of atmospheric buoyancy, estimating buoyancy using the CAPE and Lifted Index, factors that affect buoyancy including entrainment of mid-level air, water loading, and convective inhibition, and the origin of convective downdrafts. The translation was done by Edward Podgaisky, who visited COMET in 2003 as a IREX grant recipient to study distance learning delivery in meteorology.

13 August 2003

Ninth of Ten Common NWP Misconceptions

The 9th piece in the series of Ten Common NWP Misconceptions, "MOS Improves with Model Improvements," provides an overview of model output statistics (MOS) schemes. It details when MOS schemes are most likely to produce poor forecasts and lists advantages and disadvantages of MOS-derived output.

31 July 2003

Wave Types and Characteristics

This is the first in a series of new marine meteorology modules based on COMET’s old laser disk and CD-ROM modules on marine meteorology. This module is an introduction to waves and their associated characteristics. Several types of waves are presented, from the common wind wave to the rare tsunami wave. The basic physical, mathematical, and statistical traits of waves are discussed, along with how they change once waves become swell. This material serves as a building block to subsequent modules on wave generation, propagation, and dissipation.

23 July 2003

Determining Visibility

This 10-minute Webcast was developed from a presentation at the Naval Research Laboratory in April 2003 by LTJG Matt Henigin. LTJG Henigin reviews techniques for making visibility forecasts by combining surface observations with remote sensing data to estimate visibility in areas where no surface observations are available. Examples in the Webcast are drawn from southwest Asia.

16 July 2003

Dust Enhancement Techniques Using MODIS and SeaWiFS

The COMET Program and the NPOESS Integrated Program Office are pleased to announce the publication of Dust Enhancement Techniques Using MODIS and SeaWiFS. This Webcast features Dr. Steven Miller of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Monterey, California and takes about one hour to complete. Dr. Miller explains two techniques for detecting blowing dust using multispectral satellite imagery from the MODIS and SeaWiFS instruments. He also provides guidelines for the best uses of these techniques. The Webcast includes several recent operational examples from southwest Asia. This presentation was originally given at a workshop hosted by NRL in April, 2003.

27 June 2003

The NPOESS Science Advisory Team

This Webcast describes the creation and roles of the NPOESS (National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System) Science Advisory Team (SAT). This team is composed of leading atmospheric scientists and headed by Dr. W. Elbert "Joe" Friday, former director of the NWS. The SAT provides scientific review and guidance to the individual Operational Algorithm Teams (OATs), which are organized by discipline and/or sensor type. The presentation is approximately 15 minutes in length and is narrated by Dr. Friday.

27 June 2003

Distance Learning Aviation Course 1: Forecasting Fog and Low Stratus

The Distance Learning Aviation Course (DLAC1) on fog and stratus forecasting is a comprehensive treatment of this difficult forecasting problem. Seven Web-based modules cover topics ranging from parcel-scale processes to synoptic patterns, from using satellite imagery to understanding the aviation customer’s needs. Those who successfully complete the modules and their related quizzes will earn certificates of completion. In addition, NWS students who take the teletraining sessions will also earn a course completion certificate.

13 June 2003

Eighth of Ten Common NWP Misconceptions

NWP Models Directly Forecast Near-Surface Variables, is the eight misconception in the series Ten Common NWP Misconceptions. This piece discusses the details on how near-surface variables are calculated as well as potential sources of errors in their calculation.

29 May 2003

Ocean Effect Snow: New England Snow Storm, 14 January 1999

This case study is the first in our newest series of modules: Mesoscale Aspects of Winter Weather Forecasting. The case is presented as a series of challenging forecast questions followed by a more traditional case study presentation. Included in the exercise is a rich set of data products and a series of background materials on lake/ocean effect snow and winter microphysics processes.

2 May 2003

ENSO and Beyond

This Webcast, presented by Dr. Marty Hoerling of NOAA/CIRES/Climate Diagnostic Center, discusses the impacts of El Niño and La Niña variability on both North American and tropical weather. The presentation shows that these two phenomena are not simple inverses of each other and that anticipating their varying intensities is key to making successful climate forecasts. Two other ocean impacts that affect North American climate almost as strongly as ENSO are also introduced.

21 April 2003

Australian Warm-Season Severe Thunderstorm Case Studies

In this Southern Hemisphere-focused module, the student can work through one major Australian severe thunderstorm event in detail and examine aspects of two other severe thunderstorm events as well. Follow a forecast time-line to assess data and make decisions from the pre-storm phase through the warning phase.

17 April 2003

Severe weather associated with mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) includes all of the severe weather types associated with individual cells, such as tornadoes, hail, and localized high winds. However, it also includes longer-lived and more widespread significant weather events such as large areas of heavy rain, which can cause significant flooding, and large swaths of damaging winds, often referred to as derechoes. The ability to anticipate possible system structures, motions, and lifetimes has important implications for managing your activities during an MCS event. Having the right set of expectations for what is possible and probable in a given storm environment will make you a more efficient and more accurate forecaster.

9 April 2003

A Convective Storm Matrix: Buoyancy/Shear Dependencies

Because of their small size and short life cycle, as well as the variety of ways in which they can evolve, convective storms remain among the most difficult to forecast accurately. This module will help you build a strategy for anticipating convective storm structures, their evolutions, and the potential for severe weather based on the knowledge of the relationships between a storm's environment and its structure.

9 April 2003

Seventh of Ten Common NWP Misconceptions

"Radiation Effects are Well-Handled in the Absence of Clouds", the 7th in the series on common NWP misconceptions, discusses the complexities of representing the balance of radiative absorption, reflection, scattering, and emission in an NWP model.

20 March 2003

Gap winds are low-level winds caused by flow through gaps or low areas in terrain. These winds can reach speeds of 20 to 60 knots, with strong wind shear at the top and sides of the gap flow. The Gap Winds module provides a basic understanding of why gap winds occur, their typical structures, and how wind strength and extent are controlled by synoptic conditions. It also discusses basic techniques for evaluating and predicting gap flows and reviews the capabilities and limitations of the current generation of mesoscale models in producing realistic gap winds.

3 March 2003

A Comparison of Diagnosed Vs. Predicted Precipitation Type in the Eta Forecast Model: 3-6 December 2002

When the new grid-scale precipitation scheme was implemented in the Eta model on November 27, 2001, precipitation type became available as a forecast variable. This variable can be used to complement the diagnosed precipitation type based on forecasted vertical temperature and moisture profiles. In this case, the diagnosed precipitation type from the NCEP (a.k.a Baldwin/Schichtel) algorithm is compared to the predicted precipitation type in the experimental/parallel version of the 12-km Eta model for an early winter storm in the southern and eastern U.S.

26 February 2003

Should Synopticians Worry About Climate?

This Webcast is based on a lecture presented by Dr. Prashant Sardeshmukh during the ongoing workshops on Climate Variability that are part of the NWS Climate Professional Development Series. The Webcast has an accompanying bibliography and climate glossary and is ~50 minutes in length.

Forecasters who attended the original classroom presentation by Dr. Sardeshmukh had the following to say...

"This was my favorite lecture so far...touching on the idea of how valuable it is to look at the summation of the most important teleconnection patterns and to be able to out forecast the MRF in the 2 and 3 week time frame"

and

"He did a good job of emphasizing the key point of where the climate signal comes in.

25 February 2003

The GEM Model: Update to Operational Models Matrix: Characteristics of Operational NWP Models

The Canadian Meteorological Centre's Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) Regional Model is a short-range (0-48 hr) forecast model used operationally by the Meteorological Service of Canada and some National Weather Service field offices. It has just been added to the COMET NWP Matrix (Operational Models Matrix: Characteristics of Operational NWP Models). It is the first non-U.S. model to be included in that matrix.

17 February 2003

This Webcast by Dr. Alan Czarnetski of the University of Northern Iowa, builds on the foundational information presented in Dispersion Basics to provide an introduction to the use of the CAMEO and HYSPLIT models. CAMEO is designed to estimate local impacts from a hazardous atmospheric release, while HYSPLIT is a long-range transport and dispersion model.

7 February 2003

Freezing and Melting, Precipitation Type, and Numerical Weather Prediction

This Webcast is based on a COMET classroom presentation by Dr. Gary Lackmann at the 2nd MSC Winter Weather Course held in Boulder, Colorado on 22 February 2002. Dr. Lackmann reviews the basic thermodynamics of freezing and melting and how operational models represent these processes. He also touches upon the biases that occur in the models by looking at examples of melting snow aloft, melting snow at the surface, freezing aloft (ice pellets), and freezing rain. Dr. Lackmann is a faculty member in the Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences at North Carolina State University.

7 February 2003

Feature Identification Exercises: Clouds, Snow, and Ice Using MODIS

The Feature Identification Exercises: Clouds, Snow, and Ice Using MODIS module consists of four exercises where users identify surface features, distinguish clouds from snow on the ground, and determine cloud phase using multispectral analysis. The module also includes an overview of multispectral techniques available on many operational and research polar-orbiting satellites. A page with links to real-time polar-orbiting data and information is also included.

27 January 2003

Southern Illinois Supercells WES Case

During the afternoon of 21 April 2002, several supercells developed over southern Illinois and spread into southwest Indiana. The Southern Illinois Supercells WES Case provides a challenging scenario in that the supercell storm that produced a deadly tornado was 90-100 nm away from the nearest radars. Also, interaction with a stationary boundary planed an important role in the development of severe weather.

This case is currently only available to NWS staff.

21 January 2003

A Good Synoptic Forecast Implies a Good Convective Forecast (in Ten Common NWP Misconceptions)

A Good Synoptic Forecast Implies a Good Convective Forecast (in Ten Common NWP Misconceptions) is the 6th misconception in our series reviews some of the details and biases on how NWP models use convective parameterization schemes. Issues of grid-scale, convective scheme tuning, and situations that lead to over- and under-active schemes are presented.

15 January 2003

Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster: The CD-ROM Collection is a compilation on CD of Web-based modules and Webcasts on polar-orbiting satellite meteorology produced by the COMET Program over the last three years. An integrated user interface allows users easy access to descriptions and launch points for the modules.

Click here for information on ordering the CD.

19 December 2002

NPOESS Userport Website

The NPOESS Userport Website provides links to information and training on the use of polar-orbiting satellites from NOAA, NASA, and the Department of Defense and previews features that will be available on NPOESS. Internet discussion groups and listservs are also available on the site. New links and features will be added to the site as new training is developed and more information becomes available.

12 December 2002

Thermally-forced Circulation I: Sea Breezes

Thermally-forced Circulation I: Sea Breezes describes the phenomena of the sea breeze. It examines factors that lead to the formation of a sea breeze, modifying effects on sea breeze development, how mesoscale NWP models handle sea breezes, and sea breeze forecast parameters. The module places instruction in the context of a sea breeze case from Florida and compares surface and satellite observations to a model simulation using the AFWA MM5. Like other modules in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer, this module comes with audio narration, rich graphics, and a companion print version.

25 November 2002

GFS T170 Grid-Scale Precipitation Bomb during Flood Event in IA

The COMET Program has just released GFS T170 Grid-Scale Precipitation Bomb during Flood Event in IA. This NWP case gives an inside look at the structure and forecast effects of grid-scale convection on the GFS forecast during a period when mesoscale convective systems were occurring over the midwestern U.S. The case shows that grid-scale convection also occurs in the new T254 version of the GFS, and that the potentially deleterious effect of grid-scale convection on the forecast is not limited to the warm season.

25 November 2002

The Balancing Act of Geostrophic Adjustment

This 7-page module provides a primer on geostrophic adjustment concepts. It discusses their application for understanding and forecasting real weather features, interpreting model forecasts, and recognizing the type and duration of impact that observations exert on the model forecast. The module also includes an interactive Exercises section.

18 November 2002

Isentropic Analysis

The COMET Program has just released Isentropic Analysis, a Webcast, in which Dr. James T. Moore (Saint Louis University) offers an introduction to isentropic analysis as a tool to diagnose and visualize vertical motion, depict 3-D advection of moisture, compute moisture stability flux, diagnose isentropic potential vorticity, diagnose dry static stability, diagnose conditional symmetric stability, and help depict 2-D frontogenetical and transverse jet streak circulations.

18 November 2002

The COMET Program has implemented an online subscription for module release announcements.

12 November 2002

Dispersion Basics

The COMET Program has just released Dispersion Basics, a Webcast presentation by Dr. Timothy Spangler (Director of the COMET Program and a former air quality consultant). This 25-minute lecture provides an overview of the basics of dispersion, the effects of different atmospheric conditions on dispersion, and how dispersion is commonly modeled after the release of a hazardous material.

8 November 2002

The MJO Life Cycle

The COMET Program has just released The MJO Life Cycle featuring Dr. Roland Madden (NCAR/Retired, Foresight Weather). This 42-minute presentation delivers an engaging description and discussion of the Madden-Julian Oscillation by “Madden” himself! Modeling results of the MJO process are also presented and some of the global weather impacts resulting from the MJO are introduced. This Webcast uses Macromedia® Flash to deliver audio and animations via the Web.

8 November 2002

The Role of the MJO on Oceanic and Atmospheric Variability

The COMET Program has just released The Role of the MJO on Oceanic and Atmospheric Variability featuring Dr. Klaus Weickmann (NOAA/CIRES/CDC). This 37-minute presentation explores the global impacts of the Madden-Julian Oscillation. The material clearly demonstrates the significant influences that the MJO has on global, regional, and even local weather, as well as its effects on other climate and oceanic features such as the ENSO cycle. This Webcast uses Macromedia® Flash to deliver audio and animations via the Web.

29 October 2002

For the 12 UTC forecast run, the Environmental Modeling Center/Global Climate and Weather Modeling Branch (formerly Global Modeling Branch) increased the resolution of its GFS forecast model from T170 with 42 levels (L42) to T254 and 64 levels (L64) for the first 84 hours of its forecast. This is roughly equivalent to increasing the horizontal resolution from 80 km to 55 km. A corresponding increase to the associated physics grid has also been implemented over the first 84 hours. Forecasts beyond 84 hours remain at T170L42 to 180 hours, but the 192-384 hour forecasts will be run at T126L28 (equivalent to about 110-km resolution), rather than T62L28 (equivalent to about 225-km resolution). Physical parameterizations remain unchanged except where the value of any parameters is scaled by the horizontal (or vertical) resolution. The data assimilation system, which uses the 6-hour forecast as a first guess for the next model analysis, has been recalibrated to reflect the new error characteristics of the higher resolution model.

The increased resolution will mainly affect the representation of topography, including surface height and land/sea interfaces, and the model's ability to resolve the stratosphere. Specifics on these resolution changes can be found in the COMET terrain representation and vertical resolution pages from the NWP Model Matrix.

24 October 2002

Feature Identification from Environmental Satellites

The COMET Program has just released Feature Identification from Environmental Satellites featuring Tom Lee (Naval Research Laboratory). This 60-minute presentation provides techniques for employing both geostationary and polar orbiting satellite imagery and derived products using examples from Europe, Central Asia, the Antarctic, and North America. This Webcast uses Macromedia® Flash to deliver audio over the Web.

3 October 2002

Winter Weather Distance Learning Materials

The Winter Weather Distance Learning Materials page provides a summary of COMET resources that can help sharpen skills for forecasting winter weather or non-convective weather hazards that can occur during fall, winter, or spring.

2 October 2002

Satellite Meteorology: GOES Channel Selection

The COMET Program has just released Satellite Meteorology: GOES Channel Selection. This Web module was adapted from the CD-ROM module Satellite Meteorology: Using the New GOES Imager, and uses Macromedia® Flash to deliver audio over the Web.

The 60-minute presentation provides a review of the five GOES imager channels and their use, along with operational examples. The module also includes updated information on the 6.7-micrometer (water vapor) channel and the new 13.3-micrometer channel that will appear on the GOES N-P satellites.

21 August 2002

Introduction to Fire Behavior: Influences of Topography, Fuels, and Weather on Fire Ignition and Spread

The Introduction to Fire Behavior: Influences of Topography, Fuels, and Weather on Fire Ignition and Spread Website provides an overview of factors that affect the ignition and spread of wildfire. Information is presented with 3-dimensional graphics and animations, as well as audio descriptions and commentary provided by a fire behavior expert. You don't need extensive background in fire science or weather forecasting to use this module.

6 August 2002

Coastally Trapped Wind Reversals

The COMET Program announces the release of Coastally Trapped Wind Reversals, the latest Core Module in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer series. This module starts with a forecast scenario that occurs along the California coast. The module then proceeds to describe the structure and climatology of these disturbances, as well as their synoptic and mesoscale evolution. The instruction concludes with a section on forecasting coastally trapped wind reversals. The module also includes a concise summary for quick reference and a final exam to test your knowledge. Like other modules in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer, this module comes with audio narration, rich graphics, and a companion print version.

24 July 2002

Buoyancy and CAPE

The COMET Program announces the release of Buoyancy and CAPE, the latest foundation module in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer series. Topics covered include the origin of atmospheric buoyancy, estimating buoyancy using the CAPE and Lifted Index, factors that affect buoyancy (including entrainment of mid-level air), water loading, convective inhibition, and the origin of convective downdrafts. Like other modules in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer, this module comes with audio narration, rich graphics, and a companion print version.

24 July 2002

IFPS Smart Tool of the Month Web page

The IFPS Smart Tool of the Month Web page is meant to present some of the more complex Smart Tools that can be developed in the Interactive Forecast Preparation System (IFPS) using the Graphical Forecast Editor (GFE). The goal is to have forecast offices become familiar with some of the more useful Smart Tools and to see examples of how to create simple documentation for their own Smart Tools.

27 June 2002

Thermally-forced Circulation II: Mountain/Valley Breezes

The COMET Program announces the release of Thermally-forced Circulation II: Mountain/Valley Breezes, the latest Foundation Module in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer series. Topics covered include up- and downslope breezes, up- and down-valley winds, associated hazards, and forecasting techniques. Like other modules in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer, this module comes with audio narration, rich graphics, and a companion print version.

17 June 2002

Slantwise Convection: An Operational Approach

The Webcast, Slantwise Convection: An Operational Approach, has been released. This Webcast is based on a presentation by Kent Johnson during the 2002 COMET/MSC Winter Weather course. It focuses on assessing the release of conditional symmetric instability as slantwise convection. It provides an overview of the characteristics and theory of CSI, assessment of CSI and slantwise induced precipitation in complex terrain, and operational challenges to assessing CSI.

6 June 2002

Diagnosing and Forecasting Extratropical Transition: A Case Exercise on Hurricane Michael

The COMET Program announces the release of Diagnosing and Forecasting Extratropical Transition: A Case Exercise on Hurricane Michael. This exercise tracks Hurricane Michael as it moved into the Maritime region of the Canadian east coast in October 2000. Analyze data and respond to questions focusing on forecasting the progression of the storm. This case exercise accompanies the Webcast, Hurricanes Canadian Style: Extratropical Transition.

4 June 2002

Interpretation of Global Model Forecast "Flipflops."

The COMET Program announces the release of Interpretation of Global Model Forecast "Flipflops." All forecasters are familiar with occasional run-to-run changes in forecast direction that occur with medium-range (and sometimes even short-range) forecasts in the Global Forecast Model (aka AVN/MRF). This case describes two recent model "flip-flops" in a pair of time-adjacent operational MRF runs and shows how MRF ensemble forecasts shed light on what is actually going on in the operational MRF seasons.

4 June 2002

Initial Conditions and SREF Forecasts for the 6-7 January 2002 Northeast U.S. Snowstorm

The COMET Program announces the release of Initial Conditions and SREF Forecasts for the 6-7 January 2002 Northeast U.S. Snowstorm. This case discusses the failure of the Short-Range Ensemble Forecast (SREF) system to capture a significant snowfall over the interior northern Mid-Atlantic states and New England that occurred on 6-7 January 2002. While this is a winter case, the lessons learned herein are applicable to use of the SREF in all seasons.

10 May 2002

Hurricane Strike!

Hurricane Strike!™ Designed primarily for middle school students and funded by FEMA and the NWS, this module creates a scenario to frame learning activities that focus on hurricane science and safety. Over the course of seven days, Hurricane Erin forms in the Atlantic Ocean, crosses the Florida panhandle, and then makes another landfall at Fort Walton Beach. During these days, the learner is introduced to many basic concepts of atmospheric science, climate, and geography, while also learning some important and possibly life-saving safety and preparedness skills.

8 May 2002

Seasonal Forecast Problems Refresher Training

Refresher training for summer forecast problems in the southeast U.S. is now available from the prototype module Seasonal Forecast Problems Refresher Training. This learning tool was originally intended as a review of seasonal weather regimes and hazards for regions that are of particular interest to the Air Force Weather Agency. The project was discontinued after the piece on summer weather in the southeast U.S. was developed. This prototype is provided as an aid to those interested in summer weather in the southeast U.S. and as an example of this type of training.

2 May 2002

Northern-Latitude Meteorology Website

The COMET Program releases the Northern-Latitude Meteorology Website. This new Website provides access to education and training materials on meteorological topics of interest to those in the northern latitudes, in particular those in Canada, Alaska, and the northern-tier states of the U.S. The site also provides a forum for sharing experience and expertise within that community. The site is developed and maintained by a cooperative team from the Meteorological Service of Canada, the Alaska Region of the U.S. National Weather Service, and the COMET Program.

Accompanying the release of the "NorLat" site are two new instructional modules developed specifically for the site. Hurricanes Canadian Style: Extratropical Transition is a Webcast delivered by Jim Abraham of MSC. This presentation discusses the process by which hurricanes can transition into extratropical cyclones under the right synoptic conditions. It uses several case examples to demonstrate the process. The first three sections of the new module, Ten Common NWP Misconceptions, discuss misconceptions regarding improvements in model resolution, the analysis process, and how particular phenomena are resolved in models. New sections of this module will be added in the following months. Examples will be drawn from both U.S. and Canadian models.

22 April 2002

How Mesoscale Models Work

The COMET Program announces the release of How Mesoscale Models Work, the latest Foundation Module in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer series. This module provides a brief overview of mesoscale models. Topics covered include horizontal and vertical resolution, hydrostatic versus non-hydrostatic models, boundary conditions, initialization, parameterization, and model use. Like other modules in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer, this module comes with audio narration, rich graphics, and a companion print version.

5 March 2002

Eta-12 Forecasts For Historic Lake Effect Snows In Buffalo, NY

The COMET Program announces the release of Eta-12 Forecasts For Historic Lake Effect Snows In Buffalo, NY. An examination of how the updated Eta-12 model (with its higher resolution, improved topography, and upgraded cloud and precipitation package) performed in forecasting the initiation and evolution of the first portion of the Buffalo, NY historic lake effect snow event (24-26 December 2001).

26 February 2002

Spurious Grid-Scale Convection in the Eta Model: A Case Example

The COMET Program announces the release of Spurious Grid-Scale Convection in the Eta Model: A Case Example. The AVN produces spurious precip "bombs." Now the Eta does too. This case provides a detailed look at Eta model forecast fields leading up to and during an event, including forecast impact and explanation of what's going on inside the model.

12 February 2002

Remote Sensing of Land, Oceans, and Atmosphere with MODIS

The COMET Program has just released Remote Sensing of Land, Oceans, and Atmosphere with MODIS featuring Dr. Paul Menzel. This Webcast uses Macromedia® Flash to deliver audio over the Web. This 60-minute presentation provides background on the MODIS instrument on the Terra and Aqua satellites, and includes several examples of both meteorological and climatological data and derived products.

6 February 2002

Eta-Discuss and AVN/Global-Discuss

The COMET Program is pleased to announce Eta-Discuss and AVN/Global-Discuss, two NWP newsgroups to supplement the online NWP materials with direct interaction among NWP users. Stephen Jascourt and Bill Bua, COMET meteorologists at NCEP, will facilitate two-way communication between the field and model developers, answering users' questions about the NCEP Eta model and "Meso" model and the NCEP Global Model.

4 February 2002

Forecasting Radiation Fog

The COMET Program announces the release of Forecasting Radiation Fog, the second module in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer series. This module starts with a forecast scenario that occurs during a winter radiation fog event in the Central Valley of California. After that, a conceptual section covers the physical processes of radiation fog through its life cycle. Operational sections addressing fog detection and forecasting conclude the module.

31 January 2002

How Different Data Types Impact the Eta Analysis and Forecast

The COMET Program has just released How Different Data Types Impact the Eta Analysis and Forecast. This case discusses how different data types impact the analysis and forecast, based on the results of the Zapotocny et al. case study published in Weather and Forecasting (2000).

25 January 2002

Allison Rains in the Philadelphia, PA Area: A case of model limitations

The COMET Program has just released Allison Rains in the Philadelphia, PA Area: A case of model limitations. This last of three cases examines what the computer models showed in their forecasts of Tropical Storm Allison as it moved past the Philadelphia area on 16-17 June 2001 and discusses what other considerations might be helpful in the decision-making process of flash flood watches and warnings.

23 January 2002

Allison Rains in Houston, TX: Were Their Magnitude Predictable from NWP Models?

The COMET Program has just released Allison Rains in Houston, TX: Were Their Magnitude Predictable from NWP Models? This first of three cases considers whether the volume of rain that occurred over the Houston, Texas area, particularly on 8 June, was predictable using the Eta-22 and Eta-10 NCEP models.

16 January 2002

Improved Light Precipitation Forecasts in New Eta-12

The COMET Program announces the release of Improved Light Precipitation Forecasts in New Eta-12. The case provides a briefing on the improvement in precipitation forecasts that has, in general, continued to be noticed since the new grid-scale precipitation scheme went into effect when the new Eta-12 became operational on 27 November 2001.

8 January 2002

Climatology of Forecast and Observed Precipitation

The COMET Program announces the release of Climatology of Forecast and Observed Precipitation. This brief case study provides maps to compare model-predicted and observed frequency of 24-hour and 48-hour precipitation exceeding various thresholds to serve as a reference of characteristic model behavior.

20 December 2001

Tropical Storm Allison in the Southeast U.S.

The COMET Program announces the release of Tropical Storm Allison in the Southeast U.S. . This case study examines the possible role of initial conditions, resolution, and precipitation processes in the predictability of Allison's movements from LA to NC from 11-14 June 2001. The case examines the behavior of the Eta model in forecasting the movement and precipitation from Allison as it moved through the Southeast.

3 October 2001

Case 36: Seattle Snow Storm (16 February 2001)

The COMET Program announces the release of Case 36: Seattle Snow Storm (16 February 2001) as part of the NWS/COMET Case Study Library. On Friday, 16 February 2001, a major snowstorm hit the Seattle area as an arctic front moved from Canada into Washington, interacting with warmer, moist, Pacific air. Accumulations generally ranged from four to eight inches of snow across most of the lowlands of western Washington with a foot of snow over the hills around Seattle.

28 August 2001

Case 39: Iowa Bow Echo (29-30 June 1998)

The COMET Program announces the release of Case 39: Iowa Bow Echo (29-30 June 1998) as part of the NWS/COMET Case Study Library. On 29 June 29 1998, a Mesoscale Convective System evolved from a supercell thunderstorm as it crossed Iowa. This bow echo with it's associated derecho, produced very strong straight-line winds, hail, numerous tornadoes, microbursts and flooding. The bow echo finally merged with a squall line and slowly weakened later in the evening.

22 August 2001

Case 38: Birmingham Tornado (07-09 April 1998)

The COMET Program announces the release of Case 38: Birmingham Tornado (07-09 April 1998) as part of the NWS/COMET Case Study Library. The day of 8 April 1998 was a very stormy one for Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia. Showers and thunderstorms were widespread over southeast Alabama and southern Georgia early in the day, while widespread severe storms plagued north Mississippi, Georgia and hardest-hit Alabama that afternoon and evening. NCDC has 224 reports of severe weather from these states for 8 April, including 11 tornado reports, with 2 reports of F5 strength. There were numerous reports of hail, most over 1 inch in diameter, with several up to 2.75 inches diameter.

2 October 2001

How Good Data Can Lead to a Poor Analysis

The COMET Program has just released How Good Data Can Lead to a Poor Analysis. This case study highlights limitations in observing mesoscale features and incorporating observations of mesoscale features into the Eta model analysis. The interactive presentation brings out practical ramifications of data assimilation concepts.

28 June 2001

Rain Gauges: Are They Really Ground Truth?

The COMET Program has replaced the initial low bandwidth streaming video version of Rain Gauges: Are They Really Ground Truth? with an improved version of the presentation delivered using Flash. The higher bandwidth version of the Webcast featuring Nolan Doesken is still delivered via streaming video. In either format, this entertaining lecture serves as a helpful reminder of the problems that often plague rain gauge performance. The Webcast includes material on the widely used ASOS rain gauge.

18 June 2001

Cold Air Damming

The COMET Program releases Cold Air Damming, the first module in the Mesoscale Meteorology Primer series. This module first presents a Navy forecast scenario prior to the development of a major cold air damming (CAD) event along the east slopes of the Appalachian Mountains. Then, from a conceptual standpoint, the classic CAD scenario is described in detail, both from an observational and modeling standpoint. Subsequent sections discuss in-situ and hybrid CAD, the role of coastal fronts, and Rocky Mountain CAD.

15 June 2001

The COMET Program announces a new teletraining course, Flash Flood Operations and Awareness Teletraining. technology developed for the Virtual Institute for Satellite Integration Training (VISIT) to deliver live teletraining sessions related to flash flooding. More information on the course can be found online at http://www.comet.ucar.edu/class/FLOAT_2001/index.htm.

31 May 2001

Case 35: San Antonio Flood (17 October 1998)

The COMET Program announces the release of Case 35: San Antonio Flood (17 October 1998) as part of the NWS/COMET Case Study Library. During the weekend of 17-18 August 1998, flooding rains - on the order of 20-30 inches near San Antonio - and tornadoes were responsible for hundreds of millions of dollars in damage and 31 deaths in southeastern Texas. An upper-air trough and surface cold front provided the lifting mechanism for the convective weather in the region. Moisture and a rapid destabilization of the atmosphere out ahead of the digging trough contributed to the heavy rains, and the flash flooding of local rivers that followed. Case 035 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

24 May 2001

Urban Flooding: It Can Happen in a Flash!

The COMET Program releases Urban Flooding: It Can Happen in a Flash!, including the availability of a version that can be downloaded for local playback. This module features an audio and visual tour of sites affected by the Fort Collins, Colorado urban flood that occurred on 28 July 1997. The tour is led by Matthew Kelsch and includes eyewitness accounts of that night's events from John Weaver. This interactive virtual field trip module summarizes many of the important common aspects of flash floods occurring in urban environments.

30 April 2001

Case 34: New Jersey Flood (12 August 2000)

The COMET Program releases Case 34: New Jersey Flood (12 August 2000) as part of the NWS/COMET Case Study Library. This case outlines both surface and upper-air features that were conducive for flooding rains across much of New Jersey. The nearly stationary, or terrain-locked, convection that occurred caused millions of dollars of damage state-wide, and was responsible for rainfall rates of up to 4 inches per hour. Case 034 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

29 March 2001

Case 33: Missouri Severe Weather (21 May 2000)

The COMET Program releases Case 33: Missouri Severe Weather (21 May 2000) as part of the NWS/COMET Case Study Library. On this day, several isolated severe thunderstorms broke out in northwest Missouri and produced golf ball sized hail, wind gusts up to 70 mph, and spawned an F1 tornado. Forecasts for this region were for sunny skies through the afternoon as the conditions supporting convective development were subtle and difficult to recognize. This challenging forecasting scenario provides a good teaching case for identifying triggers of severe thunderstorms. Case 033 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

26 March 2001

A Social Science Perspective on Flood Events

The COMET Program has just released A Social Science Perspective on Flood Events featuring Dr. Eve Gruntfest. This Webcast is the first released by the COMET Program to use Macromedia® Flash to deliver audio over the Web. This 30-minute presentation raises important issues regarding how floods and land-falling hurricanes and their related warnings affect the public's attitudes and actions.

8 March 2001

Anticipating Hazardous Weather and Community Risk

The COMET Program has just released a new Web-based module, Anticipating Hazardous Weather and Community Risk. This richly-illustrated module provides an overview of weather, weather hazards, forecasting, and warning partnerships. It concludes with a case study/exercise of a flash flood event. This module is intended mainly for emergency managers and other decision makers with little or no background in meteorology, but will also provide a valuable resource for a wide range of educators and students.

28 February 2001

Numerical Weather Prediction Distance Learning Course

The COMET Program, with cooperation and sponsorship by the National Weather Service, introduces the on-line Numerical Weather Prediction Distance Learning Course for Forecasters. This set of NWP modules are organized as an online, asynchronous course with the goal of providing forecasters with a better understanding of numerical model fundamentals. A minimum path through the modules has been defined, with guidance from NWS personnel, as the core material experienced forecasters will find most beneficial in refreshing their understanding of NWP.

27 February 2001

Case 32: Buffalo Lake Effect Snow (20 November 2000)

The COMET Program announces the addition of Case 32: Buffalo Lake Effect Snow (20 November 2000) to the NWS/COMET Case Study Library. This case study covers a snowstorm during which Buffalo received 2 feet of snow with snowfall rates of 2-4" per hour. This case is an excellent example of a severe lake effect storm that exhibited classic characteristics and disrupted a city of over 1 million people. Case 032 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

5 February 2001

Rain Gauges: Are They Really Ground Truth?

The COMET Program has just released Rain Gauges: Are They Really Ground Truth? featuring Nolan Doesken. This Webcast is the first streaming video presentation released by the COMET Program. This entertaining lecture serves as a helpful reminder of the problems that often plague rain gauge performance and includes discussions of the widely used ASOS rain gauge.

31 January 2001

Understanding Data Assimilation: How Models Create Their Initial Conditions

The COMET Program has just released Understanding Data Assimilation: How Models Create Their Initial Conditions. This module on data assimilation explains the process by which data are included into NWP models and the ever-increasing importance that data assimilation has on the quality of numerical forecasts. Publishing this module completes the Understanding NWP Models and Their Processes unit of the Numerical Weather Prediction Professional Development Series.

31 January 2001

Intelligent Use of Model-Derived Products

The COMET Program announces the release of the Statistical Guidance section of Intelligent Use of Model-Derived Products. The Statistical Guidance materials describe the statistical methods used to enhance raw model output, and how statistical guidance products (specifically MOS, perfect prog., etc.) are generated from raw model output. An emphasis is placed on their operational applications, strengths, and limitations. The addition of this section completes the Model Derived Products module.

25 January 2001

When Good Models Go Bad: Eta, SSTs, and Prediction of the 30 December 2000 East Coast Snowstorm

The COMET Program has just released When Good Models Go Bad: Eta, SSTs, and Prediction of the 30 December 2000 East Coast Snowstorm. This short case study demonstrates how a new SST analysis dramatically improves the Eta-22 model forecast of the 30 December 2000 Northeast snowstorm.

2 January 2001

Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting Overview

The COMET Program has just released Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting Overview, featuring Wes Junker. The module consists of three Webcasts, "Introduction to QPF" (~1 hr), "QPF East of the Rockies" (~20 min), and "QPF in the West" (~30 min). An introductory PowerPoint presentation designed to be instructor-led is also provided. The material explains the broad scope of considerations involved in making precipitation forecasts.

28 December 2000

Null Event: Central Plains Severe Weather

The COMET Program releases Case 031, Null Event: Central Plains Severe Weather. Case 031 occurred 18 April 2000, when what appeared to be a favorable environment for convective development resulted in no severe weather. This case provides an example of an environmental cap strong enough to prevent significant convection from occurring. Case 031 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

11 December 2000

Postprocessing/Products section

The COMET Program announces the release of the Postprocessing/Products section, which is part of the module Intelligent Use of Model-Derived Products. This section examines how postprocessing affects the end product and how to take its effects into consideration when using the products.

1 December 2000

Pseudo-null Event: Eastern Colorado Snowstorm

The COMET Program releases Case 030, Pseudo-null Event: Eastern Colorado Snowstorm. Case 030 occurred on 20 March 2000 and is the first in a series of pseudo-null event cases. It studies a developing winter storm in the Desert Southwest, and it's effect on Eastern Colorado's weather on 20 March 2000. Forecasts of over a foot of snowfall were issued as early as 3:22 PM, Sunday, 19 March, for the Front Range cities from Denver to Fort Collins, valid for late evening Monday, 20 March. By 10 PM Monday, reports from most areas along the Front Range were from 3 to 5 inches of snow. Examining this data set will assist in understanding why the heavy snowfall didn't occur. Case 030 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

18 November 2000

Influence of Model Physics on NWP Forecasts

The COMET Program has just released Influence of Model Physics on NWP Forecasts in the Numerical Weather Prediction PDS series. This module describes model parameterizations of sub-surface, boundary-layer, and free atmospheric processes, such as surface snow processes, soil characteristics, vegetation, evapotranspiration, PBL processes and parameterizations, and trace gases, and their interaction with the radiative transfer process. It specifically addresses how models treat these physical processes and how they can influence forecasts of sensible weather elements.

13 November 2000

Warning Coordination Meteorologist Resource Center

The NWS Office of Climate, Water, and Weather Services announces the Warning Coordination Meteorologist Resource Center. This site provides a repository of information to support the WCM's mission including catalogues of materials developed by other WCMs, a place to exchange information with the WCM community, and a central location for policy and procedure announcements.

31 October 2000

Montana Fire Weather-Dry Cold Front

The COMET Program releases Case 029, Montana Fire Weather-Dry Cold Front. Case 029 occurred 31 October 1999 and expands the coverage of our Case Study Library to Fire Weather events, and allows in-depth study of fire weather mechanisms associated with a dry cold front across Montana. Sustained winds of 50+ knots and gusts to near 80 knots were reported in eastern Montana, driving fires near the towns of Outlook and Wolf Point. Over $12 million in damages are estimated statewide from the strong wind and fires. Case 029 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

24 October 2000

The COMET Program is pleased to announce the re-release of the COMET double CD-ROM module, "Marine Meteorology." This new version, 3.3, contains updates to allow the module to run under Windows 2000 and Windows NT 4.0. We have also fixed some minor content and formatting errors discovered since the release of v.3.0 in 1997. The instructional content of the module is unchanged.

2 October 2000

Model Assessment Tools

The COMET Program announces the release of the Model Assessment Tools section of the Intelligent Use of Model-Derived Products Module. This section addresses NWP verification methodologies and their use in the identification of trends in model forecasts. It specifically addresses the development and use of daily model diagnostics.

29 September 2000

The COMET Program announces the release of West Coast Fog. This is the second instructional component to be published in the Physical Processes Professional Competency Unit of the Forecasting Low-Altitude Clouds and Fog for Aviation Operations Professional Development Series. West Coast Fog discusses the climatology, physical processes, and evolution of hot spell fogs along the U.S. West Coast.

21 September 2000

The COMET Program announces the release of COMAP Symposium on Numerical Weather Prediction: Presentation Archive Including Three NWP Web Modules. This CD-ROM contains an archive of the materials presented during the fifth and final offering of the COMAP Symposium on Numerical Weather Prediction conducted by the COMET Program and Dr. Fred Carr in March 2000. An interface provides access to the guest lecture materials given during the course. For your convenience, three previously published Web-based modules on NWP are included on the CD-ROM. The modules are Modes Fundamentals (1.0), Impact of Model Structure & Dynamics (1.0), and How Models Produce Precipitation & Clouds (1.0). Accessing these materials from this CD-ROM should provide quicker access to the materials that via the World Wide Web for many users. These materials are part of the Numerical Prediction Professional Development Series.

31 August 2000

Fort Worth Tornado

The COMET Program releases Case 028, Fort Worth Tornado. Case 28 occurred 28 March 2000 and provides an example of a Texas severe weather event, and allows an in-depth study of the severe weather mechanisms in the southern Plains and Texas. In the early evening, two tornadoes struck Fort Worth, Arlington, and Grand Prairie, Texas. The damages from these tornadoes was estimated at $450 million in the Fort Worth area. Case 028 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

22 August 2000

The COMET Program is pleased to officially announce the availability of a search function on the MetEd site at http://meted.ucar.edu/search.htm. We offer two kinds of searches to help you find useful content. A "Full Search" allows you to search all MetEd pages to locate references to the word(s) you have typed. You will be returned all pages that contain specific references to the word(s). The "Training Module Search" allows you to confine your searches to modules and the results will list home pages of any modules that substantively treat the topic of your search. This search would be useful if you want to browse a topic instead of looking for specific pages using the words you selected.

Two approaches are offered because we use frames-based menus for our modules and search engines cannot "know" about framesets and menu states to automatically place you into the appropriate menu state. PLEASE NOTE: Using this full search approach, you will often be given links that put you into the middle of a module when clicked, but without the navigation menu on the left. We are retrofitting modules to allow you to relaunch the module into the appropriate position if you are returned one of these pages.

Please give the search function a try, and feel free to provide feedback and comments to the e-mail address listed at the bottom of the search page. We are working on techniques to improve search results as we develop new modules, and we'd be happy to hear what you think.

31 July 2000

Southern Louisiana Tornadoes

The COMET Program releases Case 027, Southern Louisiana Tornadoes. Case 27 occurred 1-2 January 1999 and expands the regional coverage of tornadic events in the case library by showing unique aspects of severe weather in southern Louisiana and southeast Texas. During this major outbreak, 14 tornadoes, including one F3, affected the region (southern Louisiana's annual average is 13). Case 027 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

27 July 2000

How Models Produce Precipitation & Clouds

The COMET Program has just released How Models Produce Precipitation & Clouds in the Numerical Weather Prediction PDS series. The module explores how NWP models handle precipitation and cloud processes through parameterizations and/or explicit methods, with an emphasis on how a model's treatment of these processes affects its ability to depict and forecast precipitation and other related forecast variables. The module provides useful background information to the Operational Models Matrix, which presents current information on the characteristics and architecture of operational NWP models.

11 July 2000

Huracanes: Preparación de la comunidad

The COMET Program has just released Huracanes: Preparación de la comunidad, the spanish version of the Community Hurricane Preparedness module. This is the first in a series of computer-based learning modules developed for FEMA and the NWS and intended for emergency managers, Warning Coordination Meteorologists and other decision-makers.

07 July 2000

Pacific Northwest Winter Storm

The COMET Program releases Case 026, 23 November 1999, Pacific Northwest Winter Storm. Case 26 follows an early winter storm that moved onshore in the Pacific Northwest between 23 and 26 November 1999. This case provides an example of a winter storm in the Pacific Northwest, and allows study of storm/precipitation formation in complex terrain under zonal flow. Case 026 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

22 May 2000

Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster, Module 4: Soundings

The COMET Program announces the release of Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster, Module 4: Soundings. This Web-based module is a component of the Integrated Sensor Training (IST) Professional Development Series (PDS) Professional Competency Unit #6-Satellite Data and Products.

26 April 2000

Salt Lake City Tornado and Long Island Flash Floods

The COMET Program releases Case 025, 11 August 1999, Salt Lake City Tornado and Long Island Flash Floods. This case expands our coverage of regional convective events and allows the study of severe weather in mountain regions, and also the study of convective flash flooding on the East Coast. It focuses on the tornado that moved through downtown Salt Lake City, UT, and the flash floods that impacted Long Island, NY. Case 025 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

24 March 2000

East Coast Explosive Cyclogenesis

The COMET Program releases Case 024, 25 January 2000, East Coast Explosive Cyclogenesis. This case follows the formation and rapid intensification of a cyclone off of the southeast U.S. coastline, 24-26 January 2000. The storm moved almost due north, affecting nearly the entire eastern seaboard. In retrospect, this storm's intensity and position were difficult for the models to represent accurately, posing a challenge for affected forecast offices. Case 024 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

17 February 2000

Venezuela Flash Floods and Landslides

The COMET Program releases an international case study covering the recent Venezuela Flash Floods and Landslides. On 15-16 December 1999, torrential storms struck the steep north coast of Venezuela unleashing flash floods and landslides that resulted in between 15,000 and 30,000 fatalities. This Web-based case study includes animated satellite imagery and other weather data as well as damage photographs provided by Matt Larsen of the USGS in Puerto Rico.

16 February 2000

Winter Severe Weather

The COMET Program releases Case 023, Winter Severe Weather. This case follows the development of a strong extratropical cyclone that took place from 8-11 November 1998. Severe weather that accompanied the case included blizzard conditions in the Upper Midwest ant severe thunderstorms over the Mississippi Valley. Case 023 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

28 January 2000

Model Fundamentals

The COMET Program publishes Model Fundamentals in the NWP PDS series. This module briefly describes the components of an NWP model and how they fit into the forecast development process. In addition, it explores why parameterization of many physical processes is necessary in NWP models.

10 January 2000

AWIPS Validation Website

The COMET Program announces the new improved AWIPS Validation Website. The site includes images of ingested and derived model data as well as descriptions of discrepancies located in some fields. This Website will be updated frequently as part of an ongoing effort to examine all of the available fields.

7 January 2000

The Use and Misuse of Conditional Symmetric Instability

The COMET Program releases a new version of the Webcast, The Use and Misuse of Conditional Symmetric Instability. In response to feedback from several users, we now provide the option to download a version of this Webcast (see the 12 November 1999 entry below) that can be installed on your computer for local playback. Doing this avoids the interruptions of Internet congestion, which can be distracting in streaming presentations.

4 January 2000

Northeast Severe Weather

The COMET Program releases Case 022, Northeast Severe Weather. This case focuses on the event that brought severe weather from Buffalo, NY to Sterling, VA. This case is temporally connected to COMET Case 018 as it follows the derecho event that moved from Minnesota to New York. Case 022 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

10 December 1999

Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster, Module 3: Case Studies

The COMET Program announces the release of Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster, Module 3: Case Studies. This Web-based module is a component of the Integrated Sensor Training (IST) Professional Development Series (PDS) Professional Competency Unit #6-Satellite Data and Products.

10 December 1999

Forecasting Low-Altitude Clouds and Fog for Aviation Operations

The COMET Program releases the first instructional component in the Forecasting Low-Altitude Clouds and Fog for Aviation Operations Professional Development Series (PDS) called Radiation Fog.This Web-based learning module is the first of several planned titles in the Physical Processes Professional Competency Unit. Radiation Fog presents the physical mechanisms and life cycle of radiation fog, including its preconditioning environment, initiation, growth, and dissipation. Tom Dulong of the National Weather Service Center Weather Service Unit (CWSU) in Longmont, Colorado is the Principal Science Advisor for this module, and Dr. Paul Croft of Jackson State University provided additional scientific review and guidance.

10 December 1999

Community Hurricane Preparedness

The COMET Program is developing for FEMA and the NWS a series of computer-based learning modules, primarily for emergency managers, Warning Coordination Meteorologists and other decision-makers. The first module that is available is Community Hurricane Preparedness. This module describes the basics of hurricane formation, growth, and decay; how the National Weather Service forecasts hurricanes; and how emergency managers can deal with the uncertainty in those forecasts. The module concludes with a decision-making exercise based on an actual hurricane.

10 December 1999

Wichita Halloween Flood

The COMET Program releases Case 021, Wichita Halloween Flood. This case focuses on the 30 October-1 November 11-inch rainfall in south-central Kansas that caused four rivers to experience record flooding. There were numerous incidents of flash flooding that closed roads and resulted in one automobile-related fatality. Case 021 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

24 November 1999

Impact of Model Structure & Dynamics

The COMET Program publishes Impact of Model Structure & Dynamics in the NWP PDS series. This Web-based module provides operationally-significant background information about model type, horizontal resolution, vertical coordinate systems, vertical resolution, and domain and boundary conditions, with an emphasis on how each can affect a model's ability to depict and forecast meteorological features.

12 November 1999

The Use and Misuse of Conditional Symmetric Instability

The COMET Program publishes The Use and Misuse of Conditional Symmetric Instability. Dr. David Schultz explains conditional symmetric instability and discusses the best techniques for applying CSI theory to forecasting banded precipitation. This Webcast (approximately 30 minutes in length) uses RealNetworks technology. You can download the required RealPlayer plug-in from the lesson homepage.

29 October 1999

Hurricane Floyd

The COMET Program releases Case 020, Hurricane Floyd. This case spans the time period 14-18 September and focuses on the event that brought heavy rain and flooding to the eastern coast of the United States and was responsible for 68 deaths and $2.5 billion in damages. This case provides data to allow more in-depth study of this event. Case 020 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

14 October 1999

A recent memo has been released regarding a Web Agreement between UCAR/COMET and the National Weather Service. A PowerPoint presentation is available regarding the Web Agreement procedures.

17 September 1999

Oklahoma City Tornadoes

The COMET Program releases Case 019 Oklahoma City Tornadoes. This case focuses on the 3 May 1999 severe convective event that affected much of northern and central Oklahoma and south central Kansas and spawned an F5 tornado. Tornadoes in Oklahoma and Kansas resulted in 48 deaths and several hundred injuries. This case provides data from these deadly tornadoes to allow more in-depth study of the event. Case 018 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

31 August 1999

Characteristics of Operational NWP Models

The COMET Program announces the release of the initial cells in the Web-based NWP PDS PCU2 Matrix: Characteristics of Operational NWP Models. This Web-based module contains current information about the characteristics and architecture of commonly used operational models, their operationally significant strengths and weaknesses, and model assessment tools.

20 August 1999

The Convective Warning Process

The WSR-88D Operations Training Branch announces a new Professional Development Series (PDS), The Convective Warning Process. The goals of this Web-based PDS are to elicit a better understanding of the scientific elements involved in the NWS convective warning process. The training contained in this PDS is designed to improve knowledge and skills for local office optimization of warning operations (including AWIPS workstation configuration), analyzing the mesoscale environment, diagnosing convective storms for identifying type, intensity and duration, and for making proper decisions on any type of convective warning situation.

20 August 1999

Upper Midwest Severe Weather

The COMET Program announces the release of Case 018 Upper Midwest Severe Weather. This the latest in a series of convective cases from different regions of the United States. This case provides information for a widespread area of severe weather that occurred over the period 30-31 May 1998. The case data begins in support of the tornado that hit Spencer, SD on 30 May 1998 and continues with a derecho event that moved through MN, WI, MI, IN, and NY. Case 018 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

23 July 1999

Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster, Module 2: Microwave Products and Applications

The COMET Program announces the release of Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster, Module 2: Microwave Products and Applications. This Web-based module is a component of the Integrated Sensor Training (IST) Professional Development Series (PDS) Professional Competency Unit #6-Satellite Data and Products. This module provides a closer look at the capabilities, products, and applications available to operational weather forecasting with the present suite of microwave instruments onboard both NOAA and DMSP satellites. If you wish, you may launch the module from this page.

14 July 1999

The COMET Program announces information from NCEP/EMC on changes to the RUC.

14 July 1999

A problem has just been identified with the two COMET modules (Hydrology for the Meteorologist: Basic Hydrology for Headwater Forecasting and COMET CD-Based Case Study: Forecasting Aviation Icing: The Icing Event of 6 March 1996) that use the IconAuthor Plugin with Netscape (versions 4.6 and higher). See our technical support page if you are experiencing problems with these modules.

10 June 1999

The COMET Program publishes its first Webcast. Predicting Supercell Motion Using Hodograph Techniques is a RealMedia Webcast that presents research findings and recommendations for a new method for anticipating supercell motions. You can download the required RealMedia plug-in from the lesson homepage.

28 May 1999

The COMET Program announces the release of An MCS Matrix. This CD-ROM contains a new interactive matrix of numerical simulations of MCSs in varying environments. Much like the previous CD, A Convective Storm Matrix, a series of questions guides the user to discover the important effects that vertical wind shear and the Coriolis force have on MCS structure and evolution. The CD also contains a complete archive of the Mesoscale Convective Systems: Squall Lines and Bow Echoes Website (v 3.0), which should provide quicker access to the materials than via the World Wide Web for many users. These materials are part of the Forecasting Severe Convection Professional Development Series.

21 May 1999

The COMET Program announces information from NCEP/EMC on changes to the Eta 3-DVAR.

22 April 1999

Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS)

The COMET Program announces a new informational segment on the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) version 4.0. This segment specifically addresses model characteristics, tendencies, and performance statistics. Links for accessing real-time NOGAPS forecast data and additional documentation are also provided. These materials will enable forecasters to better understand and integrate NOGAPS model output into the forecast development process.

8 April 1999

Icing Assessment Using Observations and Pilot Reports

COMET releases a new component of the Forecasting Aviation Icing Professional Development Series (PDS) called Icing Assessment Using Observations and Pilot Reports. This Web-based learning module is the second title in a series of modules about the use of diagnostic tools to evaluate icing type and severity. Marcia Politovich of the NCAR Research Applications Program (RAP) is the principle subject matter expert. The module teaches how to assess surface observations, upper-air charts, and pilot reports (PIREPs) in order to diagnose the aviation icing environment. Topics include strengths, weaknesses, and appropriate uses of these data, data assessment methods, interpretation and evaluation of PIREPs, and a bottom-up procedure for integrated icing diagnosis at a particular location. This module includes numerous practice exercises allowing learners to improve their skills in icing assessment using these basic observational tools.

8 April 1999

Desert SW Severe Weather

The COMET Program announces the release of Case 017 Desert SW Severe Weather. This the latest in a series of convective cases from different regions of the United States. This case, which occurred on 7 August 1997, focuses on the unique aspects of convective storm initiation and subsequent evolution in the southwest monsoon environment. Case 017 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

1 April 1999

Radar Applications using AWIPS

WSR-88D Operations Training Branch (OTB) releases the Web-based training module Radar Applications using AWIPS. This Web-based component of the Integrated Sensor Training (IST) Professional Development Series (PDS) Professional Competency Unit #5-Using Radar Data and Products describes key differences in user functionality applications between the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS) and the WSR-88D Principal User Processor (PUP). The purpose of this training is to provide NWS field personnel with information on basic techniques of manipulating radar data on AWIPS D2D workstations. It is intended to provide a transition in the basic functionality usage and product comparisons of WSR-88D data as viewed on AWIPS D2D versus the PUP. The module will be updated periodically to reflect radar use changes resulting from AWIPS Release 4.2 capabilities.

25 March 1999

Mesoscale Convective Systems: Squall Lines and Bow Echoes

The third and final portion of the Web module, Mesoscale Convective Systems: Squall Lines and Bow Echoes, is released. Part three adds the "Case Exercises" section, which includes a short introduction and five small case exercises that allow you an opportunity to apply the concepts presented in both the Conceptual Models and Physical Processes sections of the Website to actual events. A module test covering all three sections is now available from the Learning Resources page and may be used as both a pre- and post-test for these materials. The Case Exercises section may be accessed from the main MCS interface. Simply select "Case Exercises" from the main menu. This module is one component of the Forecasting Severe Convection Professional Development Series (PDS). These materials were produced by the COMET Program with subject matter experts Dr. Morris Weisman (NCAR/MMM) and Mr. Ron Przybylinski (NWS, SOO/St. Charles, MO).

25 March 1999

Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster

The COMET Program announces the release of Polar Satellite Products for the Operational Forecaster, Module 1: POES Introduction and Background. This Web-based module is a component of the Integrated Sensor Training (IST) Professional Development Series (PDS) Professional Competency Unit #6-Satellite Data and Products. Dr. Stan Kidder of the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA) at Colorado State University is the principal science advisor for this module with significant assistance from Dr. Gary Hufford (NWS Alaska Region). The module provides an overview of current polar satellite products and their applications in forecasting situations and also contains a summary of instruments currently in use and a short history of the U.S. polar satellite program. The module is the first in a series focusing on polar satellite products and applications.

26 February 1999

Moberly, Missouri Tornado

The COMET Program announces the release of Case Study 016, Moberly, Missouri Tornado. This case occurred on 4 July 1995 when the combination of abundant moisture, an unusually intense synoptic scale trough, and potentially strong jet dynamics resulted in the development of tornadic thunderstorms. Case 016 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

4 February 1999

Southeast US Cyclogenesis

COMET case study 015, Southeast US Cyclogenesis, is released. This case, 28 April 1998, follows the evolution of a low pressure system through its lifecycle as it moves from Arkansas to Illinois, and provides a good example of the effects of model biases in the AVN model. Case 015 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

27 January 1999

Midwest Cold Season Synoptic Storm

Our first contributed COMET case study is released. Case study 014, Midwest Cold Season Synoptic Storm, was developed at the University of Washington. It covers a storm, 17-18 October 1996, that is an example of "classical" cyclone development with some structure similar to the Norwegian conceptual model of storm development. Case 014 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

22 January 1999

SOO Training Resource Center

The COMET Program has established the SOO Training Resource Center to provide a place for SOOs and others to contribute information about training packages that they have developed and to share ideas and resources related to conducting effective training programs in the local office. This Website offers an online catalogue of training materials, a forum for discussing topics related to training, and a collection of miscellaneous resources useful for NWS training programs.

7 December 1998

Meteorology & Hydrology Education Links

As part of this site, the Meteorology & Hydrology Education Links page was developed to provide one-stop shopping for operational forecasters in search of introductory and advanced college-level training materials and references related to weather forecasting and analysis. A contribution form has been added to this page to encourage you to share your Websites that contain tutorials, references, and case studies.

1 December 1998

Southern California Floods and Florida Tornadoes

The COMET Program announces the release of Case Study 013, Southern California Floods and Florida Tornadoes. Case study 013, 23 February 1998, covers a strong winter storm system that moved over Southern California and brought heavy rain as tropical moisture fed into the system. At the same time, an intense storm system moved across Florida with tornadoes forming over the central part of the state. Case 013 is now available for searching, browsing, and ordering for FTP download through the CODIAC WWW system.

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